The project authors suggest that there are three potential reasons why the original findings could not be replicated., The Nobel Prize-winning psychologist Daniel Kahneman has suggested that because published studies are often too vague in describing methods used, replications should involve the authors of the original studies in order to more carefully mirror the methods and procedures used in the original research. In fact, one investigation has found that when original researchers are involved, replication rates are much higher..
Duplicate publications: How to avoid overlapping publications in research Laryngoscope.
Identifying and removing duplicate records from systematic - PubMed Is it possible to repeat a replication study? The best way to reduce unnecessary duplication of systematic reviews may be to make it compulsory for systematic reviewers to identify existing reviews, either protocols or completed reviews, before conducting their own review. The second is the issue of multiple articles published from the same data set. Splitting one complete piece of research that can go as a single publication into redundant smaller publications with overlapping datasets is also considered unethical. Sometimes its easy to identify fraud and fabricated research. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS.
7q11.23 Duplication Syndrome - University of Louisville the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Plagiarism can be said to have clearly occurred when large chunks of text have been cut-and-pasted without appropriate and unambiguous attribution. Additionally, research fraud deceives important stakeholders of the research, like sponsoring institutions, funders, employers, the readers of the research and the general public.
What is research duplication? - WisdomAnswer Research Fraud: Falsification and Fabrication in Research Data - Elsevier As an example, an overview that compared surgical and conservative treatments for clavicle fractures aimed to determine which systematic review provided the most trustworthy evidence for treatment, and explored reasons for differences in review-level results [16]. A pilot screening of the first 19 papers was conducted in duplicate by all screeners to ensure high levels of agreement and common definitions of coding.
MECP2 Duplication Syndrome - Symptoms, Causes, Treatment | NORD How to write research paper outline: Simple steps for researchers, Good publication practices: 6 essential steps for publication success, How to choose and use keywords in research papers, Self-editing: The pros and cons of editing your own research paper, Research paper writing: A 15-point academic writing checklist, How to find the right academic editor and proofreading partner, Either vs. neither: What is the difference, Rewrite text, word reduction: Paperpal launches new LLM-powered capabilities, Believe or beleive: How to remember the right spelling. They have been features on virtually every major UK high street for all our lives. Fairfield C. J., Harrison E. M., Wigmore S. J. Overviews synthesise the results of multiple systematic reviews. (Sources: Rossner and Yamada, 2004. The study of reduplication has generated a great deal of interest in terms of understanding a number of properties associated with the word-formation process. Currently, there is no dedicated database registry for protocols of overviews, such as there is for systematic reviews (i.e. Research Square 2023 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online), https://www.who.int/standards/classifications/classification-of-diseases. Individuals with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease have damage to their peripheral nerves, resulting in muscle weakness. Reporting standards and availability of data, materials, code and protocols, Corrections, Retractions and Matters Arising, Collections, Guest Edited Collections, and Special Issues, Nature Portfolio journals' policy on duplicate publication. Human thought and behavior is a remarkably subtle and ever-changing subject to study, so variations are to be expected when observing diverse populations and participants. Conflicting results or conclusions across systematic reviews on the same topic confuse and possibly mislead clinicians and policymakers [5]. For example, an overview by Kelly et al. A duplicate publication in research is one that overlaps substantially with an already published paper of the same author without acknowledging the same. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Two independent reviewers screened reports at the title and abstract, and then again at the full text stage, then compared their results. The most common cause of this disease is duplication of the PMP22 gene, located on chromosome 17. We found that it was common for some overlapping overviews to cover broad topic areas, whereas others considered only subsets of the evidence. This is despite the fact that it differs from plagiarism, which involves unacknowledged copying of someone elses work or an attempt to misattribute original authorship and accounts for scientific misconduct. If undetected, either could create bias in the conclusions of your review. After the question has been clearly and precisely formulated, 11 . There are two forms of deduplication to consider when conducting a systematic review. and JavaScript. Fact checkers review articles for factual accuracy, relevance, and timeliness. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. The .gov means its official. Overviews that are broad in scope allow for policy relevance; for example, overviews have informed clinical practice guidelines (e.g. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". For example, if I have three temperatures and i wanna know their effect on seaweed growth, in each treatment I going to have 4 repetitions, that means, 4 culture vessels in which the seaweed grows. We do not advocate that authors conduct meta-overviews (i.e. Other factors that lend to decisions to conduct an overview on a duplicated topic can include methodological considerations (e.g. MECP2 duplication syndrome is a rare genetic neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by a wide variety of symptoms including low muscle tone (hypotonia), potentially severe intellectual disability, developmental delays, recurrent respiratory infections, speech abnormalities, seizures, and progressive spasticity, a condition characterized by . Thus research is not expected to end when the research questions has already been answered. Many of the citations were excluded because they did not have a methods section, did not conduct a systematic search, and did not search for and include systematic reviews (Fig.
Plagiarism and duplicate publication | Nature Portfolio 3.1: Removing the duplicates in databases while searching Falsification essentially involves manipulating or changing data, research materials, processes, equipment and, of course, results. When Data Speak, Listen: Importance of Data Collection and Analysis Methods, Navigating the Complex Landscape of Predatory Journals, From Pen to Press: Navigating the Manuscript Submission Process, Choosing the Right Research Methodology: A Guide for Researchers. The 541 overviews covered 20 of the 22 WHO ICD-10 Medical Classifications (Fig. There is little incentive to retest, so many results obtained purely by chance are simply accepted without further research or scrutiny. GS, YWZ, CL, LL, PHY, MD, PN screened citations and full-text articles. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Duplicate publication, multiple publication, or redundant publication refers to publishing the same intellectual material more than once, by the author or publisher. It does not refer to the unauthorized republication by someone else, which constitutes plagiarism, copyright violation, or both. When studies are replicated and achieve the same or similar results as the original study, it gives greater validity to the findings. A strength of our research is that we based our methods on systematic review guidance, and searched using a validated search strategy for overviews. Higgins, J.P.T., Thomas, J., Chandler, J., Cumpston, M., Li, T., Page, M.J., Welch, V.A. The majority of them are now feeling much more comfortable and competent to search the information of their own. The solution needs to be wide-ranging yet nuanced. We included overviews meeting the following selection criteria: Synthesises systematic reviews with or without meta-analyses (but the overview may also include primary studies) as a primary focus. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". We followed systematic review guidance for the searching, study selection, and data extraction stages of our review [20]. We excluded protocols of overviews. How machine learning aids deduplication. Accessibility Data sharing and availability of data and materials. Environ Health. Authors who publish overviews on similar topics. Estimating the reproducibility of psychological science. government site. doi:10.1126/science.aac4716. From formulating hypotheses to conducting, Spelling can be a tricky aspect of the English language, and the words "believe" and, Most researchers are focused on ensuring that their work not only gets the attention it. Partial duplicates are also common in organizations. What is Duplication of Research? Fabrication, on the other hand, is more about making up research results and data, and reporting them as true. Ten topics were covered by four overviews each, 15 topics were covered by three overviews each, and 36 topics were covered by two pairs of overviews (Table2). eContent Pro powers all IGI Global Author Services. This particular gene duplication results in the production of too much PMP22 protein which causes breakdown of the protective myelin sheath around the nerve, resulting in nerve damage and muscle weakness. This is a complex problem because of the great length of DNA
Duplicate Research | The Scientist Magazine MECP2 duplication syndrome is a rare neurodevelopmental condition caused by an extra copy (duplication) of the MECP2 gene. Keywords: The most frequent ICD-10 classification for retrieved overviews (92/541 [17%]) was factors influencing health status and contact with health services. Another 62/541 (11.5%) focused on diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue, 56/541 (10.4%) were about mental and behavioural disorders, 42/541 (7.8%) were on diseases of the circulatory system, and 34/541 (6.3%) were focused on neoplasms (Figs. This could form the first step of the review process.
Disclaimer. First, protocols of overviews should be registered in a targeted database; second, journal editors and peer reviewers, funders and commissioners should require acknowledgement of other similar overviews and scrutinize the rationale where a de novo overview is proposed, rather than repurposing or updating an existing overview; and third, authors should cite the other known overviews that overlap in scope with a clinical or methodological rationale as to why the study is needed [39]. Descriptive analysis using frequencies and percentages were performed for categorical data and median and interquartile range (IQR) for continuous data. You say repeat the experiment so it would help to know whether this was an experimental study or something that was based on a survey questionnaire. Emily is a board-certified science editor who has worked with top digital publishing brands like Voices for Biodiversity, Study.com, GoodTherapy, Vox, and Verywell.
Multiple, duplicate, concurrent publication/simultaneous submission The time taken to de-duplicate in each option and the number of false positives (were deleted but should not have been) and false negatives (should have been deleted but were not) were recorded. Other articles where duplication is discussed: cell: Duplication of the genetic material: Before a cell can divide, it must accurately and completely duplicate the genetic information encoded in its DNA in order for its progeny cells to function and survive. Directed Reading and Research, Independent Study, Internships. The diameters of this cost are its . For example, they are especially prominent in plants, although they can also cause genetic diseases in humans. Duplicate publication includes the text in an article, but it also includes figures and data sets previously published. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. There are software tools and services for similarity checks that are often used by journals to detect non-originality in papers, but it is essential to instill ethical norms to avoid occurrence of such malpractice. For 15/65 (22%) of these topics, one author was involved in at least two of the overlapping overviews. In a previously published study, 187 overviews (2013 and 2016) were screened [21, 22] using identical methods (Appendix A). We selected the overviews based on stringent eligibility criteria using two independent reviewers, who then compared their results and identified and resolved discrepancies. Although uncommon, its not unheard of that researchers are accused of falsifying and/or fabrication research. The most prevalent topic that overlapped across seven overviews pertained to interventions for smoking cessation (pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic). regarding smoking cessation) representing significant unnecessary and redundant overlap. The first is the removal of identical records retrieved from multiple databases. Consideration by the Nature Portfolio journal is possible if the main result, conclusion, or implications are not apparent from the other work, or if there are other factors, for example if the other work is published in a language other than English. duplication: 1 n the act of copying or making a duplicate (or duplicates) of something "this kind of duplication is wasteful" Synonyms: gemination Type of: copying an act of copying n a copy that corresponds to an original exactly Synonyms: duplicate Types: backup , computer backup (computer science) a copy of a file or directory on a separate . To avoid any false accusations, make sure your research is 100% accurate and any methods and processes are expressed accurately. Navigating issues of related submission and embargo. How do you I stop my TV from turning off at a time dish? This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Some journals have stringent policies that can have drastic consequences on the authors, e.g., black-listing the authors from further submission in the journal. Scientific misconduct may be more prevalent than most researchers would like to admit. Overviews with overlapping patient(s), intervention(s) and/or outcome(s). But what if a few aspects of the journals duplicate publication regulations escaped your attention or what if you werent aware of these regulations at all? doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-072337. Tackling plagiarism is becoming an easier fight. Here are a few tips to help you avoid any unintentional ethical errors: Finally, engaging in scientific misconduct might be more prevalent than most of us would want to acknowledge, and that is why questions as to how to avoid duplicate publication are common in the field of academia. How to avoid duplication of Scientific Research work? (C) Cyclical One of the characteristics of research is that it is cyclical. Definition of Duplication of Research: Research conducted by two or more scholars on same topic or problem of study at same or different places of globe. Overviews of high quality will reduce the need for overlapping overviews and aid in avoiding wasting researchers time, effort and money. In case of any doubt, authors should seek advice from the editor handling their contribution. Coverage and gaps in ICD-10 Medical Classifications. How Do Scientists Replicate an Experiment? search strategy includes text words and MeSH terms in at least two databases). Garfield is right, of course, that there is a long-standing problem that could be solved by . 3 and Table1). For overlapping overviews, we additionally extracted whether an author was involved in more than one overview on the same topic. We determined if two or more overviews were overlapping in topic if they investigated the same population(s), intervention(s), and at least one outcome. This reason is justified especially when systematic reviews on the topic are inconclusive, and their synthesis may reconcile discrepancies in their results, interpretation and conclusions. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. In this second of two companion papers, we aimed to assess how common it is to have overviews of systematic reviews (overviews) published on the same topic, henceforth referred to as overlapping overviews. Five overlapping overviews related to acupuncture for pain, 5 addressed cannabinoids for pain and symptoms, and 5 addressed exercise for bone and muscle health. Accountability of coauthors for scientific misconduct, guest authorship and deliberate or negligent citation plagiarism, highlight the need for accurate author contribution statements. Replications in psychology research: How often do they really occur? The repetition principle stabilizes the mean and the standard variation, so that statistics of the sample can well represent the parameters of the population. When discussing the published work of others, authors must properly describe the contribution of the earlier work. 2004 Feb 25;291(8):974-80. doi: 10.1001/jama.291.8.974. Searches the literature systematically, and with a search strategy section found in the main body of the paper (i.e. We reasoned that overviews may exist as a stand-alone report or also packaged as part of a clinical practice guideline and health technology assessment; accordingly, we developed eligibility criteria for both circumstances. Other researchers might want to replicate the same study with younger smokers to see if they reach the same result. Considerations for conducting systematic reviews: evaluating the performance of different methods for de-duplicating references. tion d-pli-k-shn also dy- Synonyms of duplication 1 a : the act or process of duplicating b : the quality or state of being duplicated 2 : duplicate, counterpart 3 : a part of a chromosome in which the genetic material is repeated also : the process of forming a duplication Synonyms alter ego carbon carbon copy clone Record-keeping in the lab has stayed unchanged for hundreds of years, but today's experiments are putting huge pressure on the old ways. Of the 100 experiments in question, 61% could not be replicated with the original results. Writing for The Guardian, John Ioannidis suggested that there are a number of reasons why this might happen, including competition for research funds and the powerful pressure to obtain significant results. To avoid duplication of research and redundancy, protocols of overviews can provide a guide to authors about which topics are covered and, To avoid overlap, a dedicated database for overview protocols, as well as the development of a MeSH term for overviews would help in their identification by prospective overview authors. In 2015, a group of 271 researchers published the results of their five-year effort to replicate 100 different experimental studies previously published in three top psychology journals. The replicators worked closely with the original researchers of each study in order to replicate the experiments as closely as possible. Overviews were retrieved using a validated search filter [21] from MEDLINE (Ovid), Epistemonikos and the Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Appendix A). It is understood that the e-resources have really proved to be a boon for academic fraternities comprising of the students, teachers, and the researchers. While some might be tempted to look at the results of such replication projects and assume that psychology is rubbish, many suggest that such findings actually help make psychology a stronger science. Boots and WH Smith are two of the longest-established retailers, not just in the UK but globally, founded in 1849 and 1792 respectively. Velvin G, Dammann B, Haagensen T, Johansen H, Strmme H, Geirdal A, Bathen T. BMC Public Health. 5 Why is repetition of previous research procedures important? Duplicate publication is publication of a paper that overlaps substantially with one already published, without clear, visible reference to the previous publication. What is research duplication? 7q11.23 duplication syndrome results from an extra copy of a region on the long (q) arm of chromosome 7 in each cell. Primarily because they can result in an inaccurate scientific record that does not reflect scientific truth. 2 and 3). Plagiarism is unacknowledged copying or an attempt to misattribute original authorship, whether of ideas, text or results. 4 Is there a problem with repeating a research study? Woolworths, Debenhams, Bhs, Littlewoods) have long since .
Duplication - Definition, Meaning & Synonyms | Vocabulary.com Both studies were correct but differed due to unknown differences in experimental conditions or methodologies. Broad overviews can make a large volume of evidence accessible to clinicians and policy makers [8], but may necessitate extensive screening, data extraction, and the synthesis of a large number of systematic reviews. Dr Moher recently suggested two to three systematic reviews were a sufficient number to ensure replicability but four or more represented unnecessary duplication and research waste [34]. It is therefore possible in field settings to repeat or replicate a research on large scale and more than once too. Duplication of Course Content. When replicating earlier researchers, experimenters will follow the same procedures but with a different group of participants. If the researcher obtains the same or similar results in follow-up experiments, it means that the original results are less likely to be a fluke. McIntyre, and A.F. Our website is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Additionally, certain research topics, such as studies of human subjects, require a specific duration of data retention. Ioannidis. Either way, one approach to replication is to design a study that includes both the original relationship and other factors that go beyond that.
Waste in covid-19 research | The BMJ A researchers worst nightmare might be the accusation of committing fraud. Duplicate (or redundant) publication occurs when an author reuses substantial parts of their own published work without providing the appropriate references. Does that mean that the experimenters conducted bad research or that, even worse, they lied or fabricated their data? It means if you search several medical databases for the same research question, you will find the same paper several times because the journal has been indexed in more than one database. This study and database of overviews can provide a guide to authors about which topics are covered, and gaps in the evidence for future analysis. The disorder can cause a wide range of symptoms with varying severity. Students may not earn credit for courses that substantially duplicate the content of other courses for which they have already received credit. The results were less than stellar. Ethics approval and consent to participate.
Duplication - National Human Genome Research Institute Data duplication is when there are multiples of the same record within your database. Replication is a term referring to the repetition of a research study, generally with different situations and different subjects, to determine if the basic findings of the original study can be applied to other participants and circumstances.. It is a wastage of finite resources both in terms of editorial efforts and the publishing process. BMJ Open. Makel MC, Plucker JA, Hegarty B. Replications in psychology research: How often do they really occur? Or that the research didnt take place at all, in the case of a study results from previous research were copied and published as original research. Duplication. A dedicated database for overview protocols, as well as the development of a MeSH term for overviews would help in their identification by prospective overview authors, who when finding a similar overview, could choose a different topic to explore. We found significant duplication and unnecessary overlap across overviews.
Boots and WH Smith: overdue housekeeping Over 11/65 (17%) overlapping health topics, at least one author was involved in two or more overlapping overviews. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. 2021 Jan 23;10(1):38. doi: 10.1186/s13643-021-01583-y.
C: Removing the Duplicates - Systematic Review Consultants LTD The gene duplication cost is defined for a gene tree, a species tree, and a leaf labeling function that maps the leaf-genes of the gene tree to the leaf-species. The most common symptoms include differences in muscle tone, epilepsy and neurodevelopmental impairment that affects cognitive, motor and speech function. The original results were a false positive. 2023 Dotdash Media, Inc. All rights reserved. Duplicate publication can also be seen as a type of self-plagiarism and is considered to be an ethical malpractice in scholarly publication. These broad overviews often address less specific research questions than their constituent systematic reviews, including a wider range of study populations and conditions, interventions, and contexts. If a researcher can replicate a studys results, it means that it is more likely that those results can be generalized to the larger population.
Be careful! Avoiding duplication: a case study - PMC Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Our empirical evaluation identified duplication in 33% of overviews dated between 2000 and 2018. This can happen when a researcher, for example, states that a particular lab process was done when, in fact, it wasnt. Some common behaviors include: Assuming their idea is unique, but not conducting a thorough literature search to determine what is established. What is the main purpose of proofreading a paper? For Educators. Do you overlook these key elements when writing a research manuscript? Conclusion: Material submitted to a Nature Portfolio journal must be original and not published or concurrently submitted for publication elsewhere. Duplicate publication bias weakens the validity of meta-analysis of immunosuppression after transplantation. Authors wishing to conduct an overlapping overview should be clear about why a duplicate overview is needed.
Duplication Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster In contrast, people in the general population have two copies of these genes. in the same issue of Nature: The use of electronic laboratory notebooks should be supported by all concerned. Even highly regarded journals have accepted articles that are suspected of research fraud. Or, data from the control experiment may be presented as too perfect, leading to suspicions of fabricated data. If an author of a submission is re-using a figure or figures published elsewhere, or that is copyrighted, the author must provide documentation that the previous publisher or copyright holder has given permission for the figure to be re-published.
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