plato's apology grube

Perseus provides credit for all accepted In the end, Strepsiades denounces Socrates and burns down the building that houses his school. Because it was Socrates he wished to praise, he had no choice but to make the Socrates of the Apology close to the original. . #CommissionEarned. And I shall now depart, sentenced by you to death, while they will depart, sentenced by truth to degeneracy and injustice. Well, Meletus, by those very gods we are now talking about, speak more clearly, both to myself and to these 26Cgentlemen here, for I cannot understand you. Something divine and marvellous 31D comes to me, which Meletus makes a joke of in the charge that he brought. So I must recount my wanderings to you, and the labours I undertook, only to find the oracle irrefutable. It is not out of defiance, men of Athens, or 34E any disrespect for you. If you don't see it, please check your spam folder. It offers what many scholars believe is a fairlyreliable account of what the Athenian philosopher Socrates (469 BCE - 399 BCE) said in court on the day that he was tried and condemned to death on charges of impiety and corrupting the youth. In his Apology, however, Socrates says that Plato is one of several friends in the audience. Socrates reconception of piety must have struck his fellow citizens as all the more bizarre and threatening because it was accompanied by his unapologetic and grateful acceptance of the divine sign, which Meletus ridiculesa voice that has come to him since childhood, warning him away from certain undertakings and in doing so giving him unfailing advice. No, more than that - much more than that! And if any of them happens to become a good person or a bad one, I may not properly be held responsible, since I neither taught, nor promised to teach them, anything. Based upon Meletus charge even this should suffice. If minds change, it is a threat to stability; it is, therefore, urgent to silence this teaching. Or again, wouldnt any of you give anything to meet with Orpheus, Musaeus, Hesiod and Homer? Plato is among the most influential philosophers of all time. Romano Guardini & Basil Wrighton - 1948 - Sheed & Ward. In fact, it often becomes obvious in battle that a man may escape death by throwing away his arms, turning to his pursuers and begging for mercy. G. M. A. Grube, revised by John M. Cooper. Meno. And Socrates, in the course of questioning them, would reveal that on these matters they didn't know what they were talking about. Wed love to have you back! Yes, that would be terrible, and in truth anyone might justly haul me into court for not believing there are gods, disobeying the oracle, being afraid of death, and thinking I am wise when I am not. It would not have been impossible for Plato to have managed such a feat by taking extensive notes, comparing his memory with that of others, and gradually perfecting a rendition that aimed at replicating the original as closely as possible. Far from it. Click anywhere in the Free Shipping on all orders over $15. Sometimes it can end up there. There you have the truth, men of Athens. You have heard me describing the reason for this on many occasions, in many places. Athens is a democracy, a city in which the many are the dominant power in politics, and it can therefore be expected to have all the vices of the many. Overall. And by Zeus, Meletus, tell us this besides. I alone corrupt them. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Commentary references to this page So, selecting poems of theirs that in my opinion they had crafted most intricately, I would question them as to what they meant, in order to learn something from them in the process. It's Volledige review lezen. But then you would live out the rest of your lives in slumber, unless the god, out of concern for you, were to send you someone else like me. Apology, in full Apology of Socrates, early dialogue by the ancient Greek philosopher Plato, purporting to represent the speech given by Socrates, Plato's teacher, at the former's trial in Athens in 399 bce in response to accusations of impiety and corrupting the young. An open-minded and conscientious member of the jury in the trial of Socrates could therefore have come to the conclusion that Socrates posed a significant threat to Athens and should be found guilty of the charges against him. And so I am now making a request of you, a just request in my view, that for better or worse you accept my manner of speaking, and consider and apply your minds to this alone: if what I am saying is just, or not. eBook available for $8.95. Are you not ashamed that you care about piling up as much 29E money, reputation and honour as you can, while giving no care or thought to wisdom and truth, and how your soul may be as good as it can be? And if one of you disputes this, and says that he does care, I will not let him go immediately, nor shall I depart. An Introduction to Plato and His Philosophical Ideas. And if I also go on to say the highest good for a man is to engage in discourse every day about excellence, and the other issues on which you have heard me discoursing, and examining myself and others, and that for a human being an unexamined life is not worth living, you are even less convinced by what I say. Indeed, I think I am providing sufficient evidence that I am speaking the truth, by my poverty. Of course he cannot be lying, since that is not lawful for him. And I was perplexed for a considerable time as to what precisely he meant. [6] The god of Delphi refers to Apollo who was believed to speak through an oracle at his temple in the sacred city of Delphi, which is situated north-west of Athens. Far from it, men of Athens, nor indeed would anyone 33A else. Another review, another day). But you too, gentlemen, judges, should be hopeful in the face of death, and hold this one precept as true: 41D nothing bad comes to a good man either during his life or after death, nor are his affairs neglected by the gods. Plato's Apology is one of the most famous and admired texts in world literature. Some scholars, in fact, have argued that Plato was engaged in a much different project: his Apology, they have noted, is similar in many respects to the works of contemporary orators and teachers of rhetoricin particular to a rhetorical exercise, Defense of Palamades, by Gorgiasand they infer that in composing the Apology in this fashion Plato was not seeking historical accuracy but instead striving to outdo or to parody the orators for whom he felt disdain. Plato; G. M. A. Grube (translated) Published by Hackett Publishing Company, 1977. As one ages, however, they begin to dissatisfy - there is no way these people could be real. But this hypothesis is just as speculative as the supposition that Plato strove to record as accurately as possible the actual speech of Socrates. So someone might perhaps think like this, be hardened against me, and enraged by these very issues 34D may cast his vote in anger. Socrates does the opposite. It was evident to me that the poets were in a similar predicament, and I became aware at the same time that because of their poetry, they also thought themselves the wisest of men in general, when they were not. For it certainly would not be appropriate, at my age, to appear before you, men of Athens, with contrived arguments like some juvenile orator. Purchase a copy of this text (not necessarily the same edition) from Amazon.com. Perhaps, too, this is somehow the way things had to be, and I think it is all in due measure. That is what I am saying, that you do not believe in gods at all. It also gave him the reputation (unjustly, he says) of being a sophist, someone who was good at winning arguments through verbal quibbling. 37B But it is not easy now to dispel these mighty slanders in such a short time. So I left their company too, thinking I was better off than they are, in the same way that I was better off than the politicians. But if, on the other hand, death is like making a journey from here to another place, and what is said is true, that all those who have died are actually there, what greater good could there be than this, gentlemen, my judges? Even so, some of what Socrates' detractors called his "arrogance" comes through. For the next 7 days, you'll have access to awesome PLUS stuff like AP English test prep, No Fear Shakespeare translations and audio, a note-taking tool, personalized dashboard, & much more! No, Meletus, you do not convince me of any of this, and I do not think anyone is convinced either. Then you have laid a great misfortune at my door. [12] This refers to the Thirty Tyrants, a brutal oligarchy that was established in Athens in 404 BC after its defeat in the Peloponnesian War. Dont have an account? Socrates' accusers propose death. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Apology-by-Plato. The revised edition of Grube's classic translation follows and furthers Grube's noted success in combining fidelity to Plato's text with natural readability, while reflecting the fruits of new scholarship and insights into Platos thought since publication of the first edition in 1974. What alternative penalty shall I propose to you, men of Athens? Of equal importance is whether Platos Socrates really is guilty of the charges brought against him, whether he is a wholly just and admirable person, whether his manner of living is the one that is most worthwhile (or perhaps even the only one that is worthwhile at all, as Socrates insists), and whether there is any reason for a political community to be concerned about the harm such a person might do. (one code per order). [4]For, gentlemen, each of these men has the ability to go to any city, to the young people who are allowed consort free of charge with their own fellow citizens as they please, 20A and persuade the young to abandon the company of their own people, consort with them, pay their fees, and feel grateful besides. You have no credibility, Meletus, and I do not think that even you believe this yourself. So in the case of the poets too, I quickly realised that it is not by wisdom that they compose their works, 22C but by nature, and by being inspired, just like the prophets and deliverers of oracles. Then finally I came to the craftsmen, for I myself was aware 22D that I really had no knowledge, and yet I knew I would find that their knowledge was extensive and beautiful. 25D Now is there anyone who prefers to be harmed by his associates rather than benefitted? "Plato's 'Apology'." This is the last chance he will ever have to say anything, and everyone knows it. 24E But, best of men, I did not ask you that. Aristophanes features as an interlocutor in Platos Symposium. But the fact is, men of Athens, I have no 19D involvement with these matters. And do not raise a clamour against me, men of Athens, even if you think I am speaking boastfully. In fact I probably am wise in that wisdom, and perhaps those men whom I mentioned 20E earlier may be wise with a wisdom that is greater than human wisdom. When they are given great power, their shallowness inevitably leads to injustice. I have never gone along with anyone in anything contrary to justice, not even with those whom my slanderers proclaim to be my pupils. Your current position in the text is marked in blue. Plato: Five Dialogues : Euthyphro, Apology, Crito, Meno, Phaedo No, I much prefer to die after this defence than live on after the other one. Plato's works are delivered in the form of dialogues. Seller: Ancient World Books, Toronto, ON, Canada Seller Rating: Contact seller. #CommissionEarned His agreement with Plato about these matters assures us that they are not fabrications. For I never thought the difference in the votes was going to be so small, I thought it would be larger. Book. And in fact I think you will profit from listening, for I am now going to tell you something else at which you will probably make an outcry, but please do not do so, not at all. Indeed, I am willing to die again and again repeatedly if all this is true. By a larger margin, the jury voted for the death penalty. So tell us 20D what it is, so that we do not make rash judgements about you. I think that whoever says this is raising some fair questions, and I shall try to show you what exactly it is that has given rise to this reputation of mine, and the slander too. Is there anyone, Meletus, who believes that there are human affairs, but does not believe there are human beings? George Maximilian Antony Grube (3 August 1899 - 13 December 1982) was a classicist and translator of Plato, Aristotle, Demetrius of Phaleron, Longinus and Marcus Aurelius, as well as a Canadian democratic socialist political activist. But what is most unreasonable of all is that it is not even possible to be sure of 18D their names and state them, unless one of them happens to be a certain comic poet. But, men of Athens, it seemed to me that the pre-eminent craftsmen also had the same failing as the poets. [3] This is a reference to Aristophanes (5th/4th-century BC comic playwright). For neither in court nor on the battlefield should I, or anyone, else contrive 39A to evade death at all costs. Particularly this one (or the four combined), depicting the last days of Socrates, mostly arguing for the soul as an immortal constant, referring to form as unchanging and eternal, the common reference to non-empirical knowledge, the difference between the incorporeal and corporeal, and the nature of the soul . The second edition of Five Dialogues presents G. M. A. Grube's distinguished translations, as revised by John Cooper for Plato, Complete Works. Apology, Crito, and Phaedo recount Socrates' trial on charges of corrupting the youth of Athens, his defiance of the court, and his last days in jail passed in discussion with friends. Plato Translated by G. M. A. Grube Revised by John M. Cooper 2002 - 168 pp. On this basis Meletus has proceeded against me, Anytus too and Lycon Meletus being angry on the poets behalf, Anytus on behalf of the craftsmen and politicians, Lycon 24A on behalf of the rhetoricians. So come on, tell them who makes young people better, tell them who this is. But we may also consider, as follows, how great is the hope that death is good? For I know full well that wherever I go, the young people will listen to what I say, just as they do here, and if I drive them away they themselves will persuade their elders 37E to banish me, and if I do not drive them away, their fathers and relations will banish me for their sakes. ThoughtCo, Apr. Do I not actually believe that the sun and the moon are gods, as other men do? But, some of you 34C may well take offence when he recalls how he himself, while contesting a lesser charge than this one, begged and implored the jurors, in floods of tears, parading his own children before them, other members of his household too and lots of his friends, just to arouse as much pity as he could, and now he finds that I do nothing of the sort, even though I am apparently facing the utmost peril. This commentary is largely based on lectures given on the Apology at Los Angeles Valley College from 1987 to 2009, using the G.M.A. 1 Plato.Apology, translated by G.M.A. But this was a natural role for him, because he had done the same thing, day after day, to everyone he met. Socrates of athens: Euthyphro, socrates' defense, crito and the death scene from phaedo. 27E Yes, that would be just as strange as someone believing that there is offspring of horses and asses, namely mules, and not believing that there are horses and asses. The revised edition of Grube's classic translation follows and furthers Grube's noted success in combining fidelity to Plato's text with natural readability, while reflecting the fruits of new scholarship and insights into Plato's thought since publication of the first edition in 1974. Similarly, in Platos late dialogue Laws, the main speaker, an unnamed visitor from Athens, praises Sparta and Crete for forbidding the young to criticize the laws of their communities. For, if anyone arriving 41A in Hades is quit of those self-proclaimed judges, and finds the true judges who are said to give judgement there Minos, Rhadamanthus, Aeacus and Triptolemus, and any other demi-gods who were righteous throughout their own lives would that be an ordinary journey? Well, when the slanderers slandered me, what did they say? This or the likes of this is almost all I have to say in my defence. People might be quite expert about some particular thing such as military strategy, or boatbuilding; but they always thought themselves expert on many other things, particularly on deep moral and political questions. In the first part of his speech Socrates shows that the charges against him don't make much sense. An XML version of this text is available for download, In this way Plato lets us know that he was an eyewitness of the trial and therefore in the best possible position to write about it. How you, men of Athens, have been affected by my accusers, I do not know; but I, for my part, almost forgot my own identity, so persuasively did they talk; and yet there is hardly a word of truth in what they have said.But I was most amazed by one of the many lies that they told-when they said that you must be on your guard not to be deceived by me, because . But, by Zeus, is this really what you think? Yes, you obviously know who it is, since you care. Apology, Crito . Translated by Benjamin Jowett. He tells his readers that he is reporting only a portion of Socrates speech and that he learned about the trial from Hermogenes, a member of the Socratic circle. It offers not just a defense of Socrates the man but also a defense of the philosophical life, which is one reason it has always been popular with philosophers! He has little money and no political savvy or influence, and he has paid little attention to his family and householdall in order to serve the public that now reviles him. What are you saying, Meletus? Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. No, once we had come out of the Council chamber the other four left for Salamis and fetched Leon, while I left and went home. It offers what many scholars believe is a fairly reliable account of what the Athenian philosopher Socrates (469 BCE - 399 BCE) said in court on the day that he was tried and condemned to death on charges of impiety and corrupting the youth. Yet, once you realize the importance of tracking Socrates and the speakers, it is an interesting way to experience philosophical ideas. Socrates then does something rather unusual. Updates? (5). ISBN-10: . One of them, no doubt, was to defend and praise Socrates by making use of many of the points Socrates himself had offered in his speech. Plato. But the fact is, men of Athens, I do not have this knowledge. For its powerful advocacy of the examined life and for its provocative condemnation of Athenian democracy, Platos Apology of Socrates (the Greek term apologia, from which apology in the relevant sense is derived, means defense) is universally regarded as one of the central documents of Western thought and culture. Well then, we should take their affidavit in turn, as if they were a different set of accusers. In the 4th century bce Athens had no norm of accurate reportage or faithful biography, and so Plato would have felt free to shape his material in whatever way suited his multiple aims. Well, if any of you are in this situation, and I am not actually maintaining that you are, but if you are, I think it would be reasonable for me to speak to this person and say, Best of men, I too have some family members for, as Homer puts it, I am not born of oak and rock, but of men, and so I have kinfolk and sons too, men of Athens, three of them, one already a young man, two still children. "Phaedo" considers death and the immortality of the soul. Your subscription will continue automatically once the free trial period is over. Do you agree or not? G.M.A. Grube (Translator of The Meditations) - Goodreads Whats the Difference Between Morality and Ethics? The volume contains prefatory notes to each dialogue by Edith Hamilton; an introductory essay on Plato's philosophy and writings by Huntington Cairns; and a comprehensive index which seeks, by means of cross references, to assist the reader with the philosophical vocabulary of the different translators. For mark my words, the god commands this, and I think no greater good has yet come to you in this city than my service to the god. Editions of Five Dialogues: Euthyphro, Apology, Crito, Meno, Phaedo by
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