micro pumped hydro storage

The first one can only pretend to reduce diesel consumption (C1) and the other two can reduce more significantly the role of diesel generation with limited use of chemical battery storage. The PHS solution is preferred to chemical battery storage in Colombian NIZs for several reasons. It demands that PV and PHS potential be high compared to the local consumptions and diesel power rating. But solar from space isnt the subject of this post, so I will not continue this threadthough I will add that Chris Nelder offered his link on the topic. The largest PSH is the Bath County facility in Virginia, which has six separate generators, each with 477 MW nameplate power capacity for a combined total of about 2,860 MW of nameplate power capacity that can discharge at full capacity for up to six hours or longer. Energy storage through pumped-storage (PSP) hydropower plants is currently the only mature large-scale electricity storage solution with a global installed capacity of over 100 GW. In Proceedings of the 2021 International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Future Electric Transportation (SEFET), Hyderabad, India, 2123 January 2021; pp. In locations where sufficient water and altitude elevation are present, it represents an alternative to the current means of production: diesel generators [, The Colombian non-interconnected zone (NIZ) is the geographical zone selected for this study. (This article belongs to the Special Issue. Wowie. Tom They plan to get funding to build a pilot. We have a supply-based grid now because fossil-fuel powered generating station worked well with that model. A schematic gives an overall view of the system in. Im all for discussing this issue, but this is not the ideal forum (math/physics/estimation focus). It can be a problem if the community has health facilities or other critical loads that cannot afford to be unsupplied. As the liquid volume inside the pressure vessel increases, the liquid acts as a piston and compresses the gas in the vessel, storing energy. In addition, FERC has issued preliminary permits for 47,960 MW of PSH capacity in 21 states. They do not have critical loads (having no 24 h coverage) and would greatly benefit economically and socially from a doubling or tripling of their coverage and energy consumption. Some cities store electricity from night wind in the form of ice underground and use it to cool buildings during the day. If you compare to the existing pumped storage reservoirs, the scaling holds up reasonably well. Notton, G.; Duchaud, J.; Nivet, M.; Voyant, C.; Chalvatzis, K.; Fouilloy, A. Converting land to pumped storage carries far greater environmental impact than converting to a solar farm, so that storage concerns dominate. Any brief periods when its both overcast in the desert (where the solar thermal plants are located) and simultaneously non-windy during the winter in Wyoming, would be met with natural gas intermediate load-following plants. Pressurewhich is proportional to the weight of water overhead. The scale of fossil fuel replacement is so daunting that we very quickly get into trouble when putting numbers to proposed solutions. ; Hwai, L.J. My sense is that this still falls far short of what we would really need to preserve our current activities in a renewable infrastructure (which has to ultimately pick up the other 60% of energy). J Energy Storage, 24 (2019), Article 100788. Can it scale? Small (or large) hydro storage in places with elevation supplies another wedge of solutions, but it certainly doesnt need to do it all. The storage system cost and size improves when designed accordingly. Sales, revenue and prices, power plants, fuel use, stocks, generation, trade, demand & emissions. 2) Tier 2: Very important, but not critical energy use. You just need to put the difference in height close together horizontally, Based on the information at the provided link the larger system (10 meter diameter tubes) provide 600 MWh per tube (I confirm this is the ballpark expected). I sized the PV for 100% offset and added SHW so Id have enough for an EV I hope to purchase sometime in the coming years. And at no time will output in either reigon drop to nothing, or even all that far off maximum output. One immediate scale reference is to note that we have 78GW of installed hydroelectric power in the U.S., amounting to 4% of the target 2TW demand. ; Vides-Prado, C.; Orozco, I.H. Two microgrid configurations are also selected that best suit this storage technology to the needs of Colombian non-interconnected zones. 7881. Expensive enough to bring down demand. You dont need concrete, you just need the topology and the free space. Enough fooling around. You say Our traditional hydro capacity could not be scaled up by even a factor of twosince the premier river sites have been plucked already. but the National Hydro Association disagrees. Habib, M.; Ladjici, A.A.; Khoucha, F. Frequency Control in Off-Grid Hybrid Diesel/PV/Battery Power System. But dont get too excited by this option: we still need a place to put the lower reservoir. Pairing or co-locating batteries with renewable energy generators is increasingly common and is expected to continue. https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess. NREL Water Power Newsletter, The Current, Summer 2023 We already have a grid that ships power at least halfway across the continent, and we can reasonably assume that a smart grid will be part of any massive infrastructure upgrade like what were discussing. This is approximately the cost of a lead acid battery today (can get 1.8 kWh Trojan T-1275 for about $150). Here is where I think pumped hydro may work in many areas. I say mountains because we need a significant height differential for pumped storage to make much sense. Eventually industry will take primacy again because it supplies the jobs. ESSs provide a variety of services to support electric power grids. In reality, we would never use just one storage technology, just as we have never used, and never would use, just one form of energy generation. I agree mostly although instead of seeking energy-sufficiency on the level of individual homes, it makes more sense at the community level. I heard about that. Nuclear power plants are already consuming more uranium/year then what can be mined. I have seen the 50% exploited number in a few places now. And a much expanded pumped storage (say x10 existing to x20 existing) is very doable and very valuable in matching daily supply with daily demand. For a dam serving the energy storage needs of just 600MW of Wind & PV plant even the latter period, in addition to the plants own payback periods, appears wholly untenable given the urgency of cutting fossil fuel emissions. 2020 Grid Energy Storage Technology Cost and Performance Assessment, Ressources nergtiques Et Solutions Pour Lalimentation En lectricit Des Populations Isoles, Sustainable Energy Handbook Module 6.1 Simplified Financial Models, Electricity Storage and Renewables: Costs and Markets to 2030, Energy-Efficiency Policy Opportunities for Electric Motor-Driven Systems, Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy Consumption on Economic Growth: Evidence from Asymmetric Analysis across Countries Connected to Eastern Africa Power Pool, Energy Not Exchanged: A Metric to Quantify Energy Resilience in Smart Grids, Drina Transboundary Biosphere ReserveOpportunities and Challenges of Sustainable Conservation, New Members Selection for the Expansion of Energy Communities, Sustainable, Resilient Evolving Microgrids, https://sandia.gov/ess-ssl/gesdb/public/projects.html, https://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:661286/FULLTEXT01.pdf, https://asprea.org/pdf/Presentaci%C3%B3n%20de%20Pedro%20Bejarano%20IPSE%20Colombia.pdf, https://www.hydropower.org/country-profiles/colombia, https://ipse.gov.co/mapa-del-sito/ipse/direccionamiento-estrategico/objetivos-y-funciones/, https://www.rockefellerfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/EE-Download-Opportunity-Datasheet-Detailed-Cost-Models-and-Benchmarks.pdf, https://www.superservicios.gov.co/sites/default/files/inline-files/Boleti%CC%81n_Tarifario_Energi%CC%81a_ZNI_I_Trim_2022.pdf, http://apolo.creg.gov.co/Publicac.nsf/Indice01/Resolucion-2007-Creg091-2007, https://www.hoppecke.com/fileadmin/Redakteur/Hoppecke-Main/Products-Import/vl_manual_en.pdf, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jiec.13094, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sIuzsryMkMQ&t=1s, https://live-commerce-proxy-e2e-sales.ksb.com/rest/v2/ksb/users/anonymous/odata/disfile?application=PDF&documentType=YTO&documentNumber=1777.8&documentPart=FR&documentVersion=17&checksum=fb82bfe25a0f33f103f23bcbcb461fe42204aa6280bb9da9979b7116589ac846&salesOrg=1010&extension=PDF&mimetype=application%2Fpdf, https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1171616, https://theengineeringmindset.com/star-delta-startes/, https://av8rdas.wordpress.com/2010/12/18/variable-frequence-drive-system-efficiency/, https://users.encs.concordia.ca/~peer/ppts/Sarah.pdf, https://new.abb.com/news/detail/80775/ie5-synchronous-reluctance-motors, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, No power electronics Overheating at low speeds, Redundancy of power electronics with AVR and VFD, Small AC/DC converter for excitation system, Inherent + VFD allows lower start-up currents. Subscribe to feeds for updates on EIA products including Today in Energy and What's New. theres no other viable means of long term electricity storage, I think this is one of the most important solutions for a future powered by renewable energy because: In other words, we would lose 75% of the energy stored that way. (And how much land is used presumably depends on the wind speeds.). Based on the estimate of annual revenue and capital costs, the expense of a 60-MWh GLIDES system can be recouped in as little as 3 years. Last updated: June 14, 2023, with data available as of March 2023; data for 2022 are preliminary. Are you familiar with David MacKays Sustainable Energy without the hot air: http://www.withouthotair.com/ ? Universit de Corse, CNRS, Laboratoire Sciences Pour lEnvironnement (SPE), 20250 Corte, France, STEPSol SAS, Hameau de Marinca, 20217 Canari, France, Universit Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, G2Elab, 38000 Grenoble, France. When using the AVR in turbining mode, the VFD is not needed. Additionally, it shows these inconveniences: Necessity to have a standalone grid-forming inverter (more expensive than a grid-tie); Necessity to have a variable speed pumping system (to absorb changes in PV production while keeping the load supplied); Black-out occurs when the PHS reservoir is empty. this turbine has the benefit of being small and (hopefully) cheap, but you can get a normal turbine for about $10,000. After all of that has been done, you have a very modest remaining need for on-demand peaker plant capacity powered by natural gas. Ultimately what we have to figure out is what can be done, and where. So how much pumped storage is needed to keep the industrial sector operating with a smooth power supply? I treat them all as the same to establish baseline numbers. The efficiency electricity -> methane -> electricity is reported to vary from 28% to 45%. this could be done by an aquaeduct, with a pumb/turbine at its eastern end. Strict averages do not work due to scalings that are not linear, but this at least gives us an idea. And that is exactly what the GPM people seem to be targeting. Uh, a main point of SPS is getting around sun doesnt shine at night, because with the right orbit there is no night. The traditional context of NIZ communities in Colombia is set. 32143221. DOE Global Energy Storage Database. Multiple requests from the same IP address are counted as one view. Generators are not being added because this opens licensing proceedings and environmentalists have successfully demonized hydro to the point that dams are being removed. Partnering with the integrated team allowed for an apples-to-apples comparison of the potential benefits of hybridizing run-of-river hydropower plants with different types of energy storage. Krishna., V.B.M. ESSs use more electricity for charging than they can provide when discharging and supplying electricity. In Proceedings of the 2012 International Conference on Green and Ubiquitous Technology, Bandung, Indonesia, 78 July 2012; pp. For the remaining six days or so, use a lower efficiency chemical fuel storage system where the low efficiency costs little because it is seldom used, nor are concerned with depleting a finite resource if the fuel is produced by solar or other renewable sources. Does EIA have data on each power plant in the United States? The logic of your proposal that extant coal-plant capacity equal to the entire output of Wind and PV should be maintained as back-up for their intermittency seems rather perverse. Pumped Storage | GE Renewable Energy Does EIA publish the location of electric power plants and transmission lines? For long (~7 day) downward fluctuations in renewable output, the US will likely continue to use the existing thermal power stations for decades (already paid for and operating, why not) burning either the remnants of fossil fuels or biomass (wood, mostly). Isentropic believe they can come fairly close to reversibility with a reciprocating compressor/expander using a Brayton cycle. And this is the small version of our dams. If performed over seven days, the flow would be 375,000 cubic meters per second, or 125 times the normal flow over the falls. A novel photovoltaic-pumped hydro storage microgrid applicable to rural The weights then need 25 billion cubic meters of concrete (half what we needed for our 250 m dams, twice what we need for 10,000 Raccoon Mountains). The dynamic model is . Also, solar and wind power are complementary, insofar as the wind is much stronger (in general) during the winter, and solar energy is stronger during non-winter months. Storing vast quantities of steam is not practical on the TWh scale nor is pressurising the water to keep it liquid. But I would first want to visit every town along the St. Lawrence River one last time. Second Install solar, wind, or whatever is next at the home site to supply its energy needs and then some. From say 5000 gallon tank to 5000 gallon tank? Here, we will take a peek at pumped hydro and evaluate what it can do for us. A single comprehensive solution, such as explored in the blog post, is simply unrealistic but that is really no reason for despair. The lead acid battery in my example, at about $100/kWh does not mean you only get to use it once: you can get (some sizable fraction of) the 1.8 kWh many hundreds of times, bringing the cost per lifetime-stored-kWh down into the 1020 cents/kWh range. Basically your ingredients are H20, CO2 and electricity and you get CH4, H20 and O2 as output. For 10,000 replicas of Raccoon Mountain, the total lake area (including the area of the lake below) is about three times the size of Lake Erie (Lake Superior-size). Can Pumped Hydro Systems Work At Small Scale? - New Energy and Fuel Computing this for each dam based on each lakes surface area yields a total of 170GW of power. Their cores do sour the same as the reactors we currently use so peak power is difficult but for a system it is not an issue that can not be managed. It just isnt going to happen. In summary, it can be said: C1 would be an easy and quick solution to reduce diesel consumption in large off-grid communities where the solar-installed power and PHS-rated power available dwarf the size of diesel. Problem is, compressing air is less efficient than pumping water. Techno-economic analysis of a standalone solar PV with groundwater pumped-hydro-storage system. Comprehensive data summaries, comparisons, analysis, and projections integrated across all energy sources. Ph.D. Thesis, Universit Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France, 2013; p. 198. Wind does kill birds, a lot of birds, this is by count under the rotors at every location where wind turbines have been installed. So truly I am not trying to erect straw arguments. 2020. When water is let out from the bottom of a dam, it carries energy as if it had been shelved at the surface of the lake behind the dam. Correct me if Im wrong, but via your design of 500m u said that there was a 340 cubic km of water requirement. An increasing number of battery ESSs are paired or co-located with a renewable energy facility, which in some cases may be used directly as a charging source. Also, a great way to put people back to work, too -shades of the CCC and WPA. Having a soft, submerged container would lessen some of the problems with waves shaking your structure apart. Heres another magic bullet I keep hearing about CAES. It needs sell lots of electricity to pay for the huge capital investment. Doing this reduces the number of such projects needed by a similar factor (still large numbers). Boletin Tarifario ZNI I. My solution to the storage problem is to advocate changing the grid from being demand-based to being supply-based. Good work. That said, a request. with 51 min video: Left over waste can be sunk into mile deep bore holes or dropped into the marianas trench. Im not opposed to renewables (built my own off-grid PV at home and get most of my electricity from it). If its only 80% efficient Ill get back 4KwH at night. To reverse those is effectively begging the question, and will sharply limit the persuasive power of your argument for people who do not already agree with it. and T.L.M. A flywheel system in Kodiak, Alaska, is part of a microgrid that supplies multiple grid support services and has 2 MW power capacity and 2 MWh of energy capacity. Its time to break that mould of assumption that PV & Wind are THE renewable options. So 2TW for 7 days means 336 billion kWh of storage capability. Yep, I think your are correct (and I messed up several ways, Near San Francisco California: 3.5kWatt Grid Tied Solar power system+small backup genset, Powerfab top of pole PV mount | Listeroid 6/1 w/st5 gen head | XW6048 Numerical simulations will be carried in future works to differentiate the machines and the different levels of comfort in each configuration. Again, accomplishing even 1% of the task would be like the most amazing thing ever: like a two-tunnel subway tube from NYC to LA. But who knowswe might just do that. What is Pumped-Storage Hydropower? | Department of Energy Is it a cute idea? Available online: Stocks, M.; Stocks, R.; Lu, B.; Cheng, C.; Blakers, A. We would need 10,000 Raccoon Mountains to meet my baseline energy capacityalthough we could scale back on power per unit. You can get a lead acid battery capable of hundreds of amps (thus thousands of Watts) for $50, making this pennies per Watt. the infrastructure to handle and store methane is already established (natural gas is >93% methane) Nuclear is a good stable baseline, but cant follow demand fluctuations and does not represent a storage solution for the renewables that we will no doubt continue to incorporate. If I have a 1 Kw excess capacity in my solar array (and five hours of sunlight) I can use 5 KwH to pump water to a tank at the top. They aint. The Ground-Level Integrated Diverse Energy Storage (GLIDES) project concluded R&D of a new form of PSH targeting the gap between small-scale batteries and large grid-scale PSH options. So to use a home for a model, your washer/dryer would be tier 3, the refrigerator is tier 2, and the heater in winter is tier 1. Is energy storage via pumped hydro systems is possible on a very small This sketching phase highlights two machines, induction and permanent magnet synchronous machines, both coupled with a variable frequency drive. Pumped storage needs to be used very frequently to be economic, and the current 7 GW of pumped storage in Europe is used this way. The Water Power Technologies Office e-newsletter brings funding opportunities, events, publications, and activities directly to your inbox. Recent hydro studies generally place significant limits on acceptable sites for reasons other than technical merit. On March 12, 2020, the Pumped Hydro Storage LLC, filed an application for a preliminary permit, pursuant to section 4(f) of the Federal Power Act (FPA), proposing to study the feasibility of Big Canyon Pumped Storage Project [] to be located about 23 miles west of Tuba City, Arizona. This piston idea also completely omits the problem to produce a high pressure resistant hydraulic-grade seal around the stone slab. Using the VFD in turbining mode takes away the specificity of this machine and would equate to reverting to a PMSM. Set-up of a pump as turbine use in micro-pumped hydro energy storage: a http://in.reuters.com/article/2011/11/13/idINIndia-60496820111113. Im not sure of the cost, but I have lower bounds on the scale needed, about 100-1000x the mass of the coal we burn every year, never mind the engineering of 100m tall (or 1000 m tall) enclosures. That logic assumes the upper lake is drained *once* and the plant mothballed. For those not acquainted, building power plants requires governmental permission, which is a long, and expensive path for even the most benign of energy projects. Hydro-Storage - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics Forrestal Building. And some of the land is off-shore ocean. 61 Arizona is also one of 18 states with pumped storage hydroelectric generation. This article by Stuart Staniford has a quick summary of the idea, mentioning losses, costs and so on:-. This configuration does not need the diesel generator to be constantly running and form the grid. Market analyses conducted in 2019 also showed the technology can provide essential reliability services across diverse U.S. electricity markets. ESSs are used for many purposes and provide a number of benefits to the electric power industry and electricity consumers. ; Chenlo, F.; Candelo, J.E. This is irrespective of the actual need for products and services, so a lot of demand must be artificially created. Point taken, and I agree with the sentiment. Did you look at the volume impounded by the other 97%? Of course any real implementation would have a wide variety of dam heights in the set. The method stores energy in the form of gravitational potential energy of water, pumped from a lower elevation reservoir to a higher elevation. Tom presented a thought experiment to determine if just one storage technology, pumped hydro, could support the entirety of US energy demand if supplied by renewables. That approach isnt prescriptive, its just a useful way of estimating a given technologys capacity within an order of magnitude. It would also need less space than water pumped storage. Available online: IPSE. I think only after I have defined the box were in will I have the foundation to start talking about ways out of the box, or redefining our box (and no, the box I picture is not a dank cave). The scenario here focuses on the supply side, but what if we looked at it as a demand side problem? We get an area equivalent to 160km on a side. Why would we knowingly commit ourselves to this path? Aquaman? As for SESM + SQ, the squirrel cage eliminates the need for a VFD (only used for start-up in pumping mode previously). 3) Tier 1: Critical Energy Use. Im going to stop that here: Ill get to nuclear in another postI promise. Ammonia and hydrogen synthesis can be used almost anywhere. The need for storage technologies is recently emerging and more discussed on the micro-scale. Another technology where the storage already exists is OTEC, but temperatures are so low that conversion equipment costs a lot. We call this Niagra Falls, although only half the drop is developed across the falls proper. The literature gives estimations for off-grid PV + PHS (eventually coupled with diesel and chemical batteries) using PATs with peak consumptions of villages under 100 kW. Chilipi, R.; Sumaiti, A.A.; Singh, B. Some parts of the country are not well suited for PH (Great Plains, for example), but there is lots of wind and not many people there. January 18, 2017. The National Hydropower Association (NHA) released the 2021 Pumped Storage Report, which details both the promise and the challenges facing the U.S. pumped storage hydropower industry. Thats a lot of money for one teraWatt, about 2.5 times what the federal government has borrowed in the last three years. Thus the 500-m-high dam wall is 5km across at the top, and the lake extends 5km back in a triangle. Regional energy information including dashboards, maps, data, and analyses. Thus to quantify the relative priorities in new energy supply it could be said that the next unit of baseload sustainable energy will be at least 900 times as important as the next unit of Wind or PV. I throw in some analysis of that, as well as a second angle on our hosts problem, here. This is called gravitational potential energy. This allows for flexibility around synchronism speed (can go hypersynchronous, i.e., above synchronism speed [. When you lift an object, you must supply a force to counter gravity (the weight of the object) and apply this force over the height through which you lift the object. This tendency is a reflection of my quest to understand how we might face the tremendous energy challenges ahead. An important point in, The peak load of each community is always situated around the evening hours, especially when their electricity coverage is limited to those few hours. 2022. Thermal ice-storage systems use electricity during the night to make ice in a large vessel, which is used for cooling buildings during the day to avoid or reduce purchasing electricity when electricity is usually more expensive. They called the idea energy island. This means a full power and energy management system (PMS/EMS) which can be costly [. Anyway, there are solid grounds to maintain that a change in the system will rapidly reduce energy needs by 50% or more. Also, I wonder if we really DO need so much storage. Both are also hardly reversible. It is easy to lose track of the choices and the impacts they have. No such assumption is built in. At least we know for sure they DO smoke weed in Amsterdam. http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=hydrogen-house&page=2. No need to tame solar production, the more is produced, the less diesel is consumed (up to a limit talked about afterward). It was not obvious to me, but I had not yet done the math. Then use the heat pump in reverse as a heat engine to recover the heat and generate electricity. Trust me, they avoid opening licensing proceedings to add generation, even when the dam has been there for 100 years. If its wrong, then we will ignore the scale of the problem and not prepare adequate mitigation. This configuration presents the following advantages: A total of 24 h of electricity coverage with PHS and diesel that can take over on the run thanks to the PMS/EMS [. NREL seems to have been exploring hydrogen back up scheme for solar and wind for some time. Due to tax reasons, natural gas powered cars are cheaper to operate over here in Germany than cars with gasolin But again, in addressing the issues of reserve energy capacity, I lack both data and expertise in the math and physics, and so would value your opinion. The rotor magnetic field being constant (no variability of fields with magnets), transmitted power can be regulated only through one variable: mechanical power transferred through the turbine. But what will continue? I am available for custom hardware/firmware development. They are distinctly not very bowl-like. How about rather than trying to build an enormous energy storage infrastructure, can we not just connect opposite sides of the earth with HDVC so that the sunlit side can power the part of the earth thats in shadow? Note that Im totally ignoring requirements for the lower reservoir. Im keen now to understand what this looks like relative to our landscape. Once the regular regime is attained, slip is 0% and induced currents in the metal bars of the squirrel cage are null; therefore, it only acts as an additional inertia on the rotor when not damping transient oscillations [, For the PMSM + SQ in generator mode, the prime mover needs to keep the rotational speed to regulate the frequency supplied to the load.
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