Fact: Pakistan did not 'gift' any Kashmiri land to China. In fact, it gained 1942 sq kms (750 miles) from the Chinese, in the 1963 Sino-Pakistan boundary agreement. ????? Agreement on the Boundary Between China's Sinkiang and the Contiguous Areas. Why Pakistan "Gifted" India's Shaksgam Valley To China Why did Pakistan give the Shaksgam Valley to China - Pakistan Defence Shaksgam Valley. Thus, the detachment of the Chagos Archipelago from Mauritius to the UK was unlawful. The ground, called Muztaghi Shagaran,the polo-ground of ice-peak,attracted fanfare with players and musicians when the autumn harvest festival was celebrated. [6], The agreement was moderately economically advantageous to Pakistan, which received grazing lands in the deal, but of far more significance politically, as it both diminished potential for conflict between China and Pakistan and, Syed indicates, "placed China formally and firmly on record as maintaining that Kashmir did not, as yet, belong to India. Was it Sun Tzu or Mao Tse Tung strategies at play? Will it be so in case of Shaksgam Valley and CPEC? Legality of the 1963 Boundary Agreement in the light of the ICJ Advisory Opinion, February 2019. According to the local historians, the Raja of Shigar established a polo-ground south of the Shaksgam valley in the 5thCentury AD. The Sino-Pakistan Agreement[a] is a 1963 document between the governments of Pakistan and China establishing the border between those countries in the disputed Kashmir region.[3]. Neemrana Dialogue of 2018 was one of major attempts made to resolve issues pertaining to Indo-Pak relations. The Communist Party of China might find it interesting thatthe Chinese official maps of 1917, 1919 and 1933recognize the border of Jammu & Kashmirat theKunlunmountain range. Likewise, the feeder stretching along the southern rim of East Turkestan connects Gilgit with Aksai-chin and cuts the distance between both regions by more than 800 miles. China gets proverbial ek teer do shikar (one arrow two targets).The road also provides employment to large number of Pakistani locals in Northern Areas, Pakistani Punjabis in the north and Sindh, and Baluchistan in the south east and south west Pakistan. It borders Xinjiang Province of the Peoples Republic of China (PRC) to the north, the northern areas of AJK to the south and west, and the Siachen Glacier region to the east. According to India, Pakistan has been in illegal and forcible occupation of approximately 78,000 sq. 7. [9] Time, reporting on the matter in 1963, expressed the opinion that by signing the agreement Pakistan had further "dimmed hopes of settlement" of the Kashmir conflict between Pakistan and India. If I recall correctly, the Shaksgam Valley was part of the claim of the Mir of Hunza but never officially demarcated with the Chinese, and therefore likely controlled by China. The 1963 Agreement was concluded by Pakistan an administrating power in violation of the customary norms of self-determination. Suggested citation: Abhishek Trivedi, Why 1963 Sino-Pakistan Boundary Agreement Is Unlawful in the Light of Recent ICJ Advisory Opinion on the Chagos Archipelago, JURIST Student Commentary, July 8, 2019, https://www.jurist.org/commentary/Abhishek-Trivedi-Sino-Pakistan-Boundary, This article was prepared for publication by Tim Zubizarreta, a JURIST Staff Editor. The Shaksgam Valley - Travel The Himalayas It reduces the distance between Gilgit and Golmud to almost half, while bypassing the longer Urumuqi-Kashgar Highway. the message should have been, either all the team goes or none goes. KIIPS intends to provide a platform to academics, researchers, scholars and experts from across the country and abroad to study and examine various issues and challenges concerning security, connectivity, diplomacy, development and foreign policy in Indo-Pacific. [6][7] India claims the agreement is invalid, and claims sovereignty over part of the land. Learn more about the "Black Sox" trial in JURIST's Famous Trials series. India / Jammu and Kashmir / Kargil /. This line is also known as the McCartney MacDonald line. Aksai Chin provides alternate access to the Shaksgam Valley. The correct option is D India-Pakistan. His fields of interest and research include public international law, the law of international organization, human rights law, climate change and sustainability, and international environmental law. The views expressed are of the author and do not necessarily represent the opinions or policies of the Indian Defence Review. 199, Kansari Jhara, Unit-6, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, Kalinga Institute of Indo-Pacific Studies, CHINA- PAKISTAN ECONOMIC CORRIDOR AND SHAKSGAM VALLEY: A QUAGMIRE. The agreement commencing from Pakistans north western frontier at the height of 5,630 meters, the boundary line runs eastward from that point and then South-eastward along the main tributaries of the Tashkurgan River on the one hand running till the tributes of the Hunza river. Local politicians challenge such agreements and transfer of land to China because China and Pakistan do not have sovereign rights over Gilgit-Baltistan. Indian Defence News 2023. However, Pakistan has failed to keep its promises. A recent Supreme Court ruling put freedom of expression above freedom from discrimination. Ideal opportunity for Indian intelligence agencies if they have the will to work and earn their salaries. China's Land Boundary Law *** The author is Brigadier in Indian Army and is serving as Group Commander, Group HQ NCC, Gorakhpur (UP) ***. A Clash Between Religious Faith and Gay Rights - The New York Times Did China think of something similar to China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) in 1963 is not known. READ China Tensions Push India Into World's Top Five Defense Spenders, https://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl2901/stories/20120127290108200.htm, https://timesofindia.indiatimes.comChina-Official-report/articleshow/5430564.cms, Taking over Pakistan controlled Kashmir is war with China and Pakistan, 3 Years After the India-China Face-Off at Galwan Valley, On Galwan Valley clash, Congress demands official statement after purported visuals on social media, Indias goal to reach Gilgit-Baltistan, says Rajnath in Kashmir, Pakistan was broke in 1953 too and Nehru had a deal on Kashmir. Will India and Pakistans boundaries realign? The agreement laid the foundation of Karakoram highway which was built jointly by the Chinese and Pakistani engineers in 1970s. ??? The occupation of these valleys came in the wake of Pakistan and China forming a strategic alliance, which enabled both countries to counter their economic and political adversaries. Now with the coming of CPEC and China's programmes of taking tourists, trekkers and mountaineers to Shaksgam Valley raises hackles among strategic thinkers. Indian writers have insisted that in this transaction, Pakistan surrendered approximately 5,300km2 (2,050sqmi) of territory to China (to which they believe it had no right in the first place). China has invested over $60 (US) billion in Pakistan in its overall scheme of $3 trillion Belt and Road Initiative to connect three continents and 70 countries. However, Indias official position is clear and unequivocal that the principles of self-determination are meant to apply to colonial territories and not to integral parts of countries. China's options for Aksai Chin | Synergia Foundation The statement is intended to bring dismay to the people of Kashmir along with maligning Pakistan and its diplomatic strategies. Broken down by sector, analysts are most optimistic on the Energy, Communications Services, and . Published December 15, 2019. Lets wait and watch. It is because of Chinas influence that Pakistani authorities have to think twice before letting Western officials in Gilgit-Baltistan. km of the Shaksgam Valley by the 1963 Boundary Agreement was unlawful as the obligations arising under international law and reflected in UNGA resolution 1514 require Pakistan, as the administrating power in PoK region, to respect the territorial integrity of that region. clears $15B sale of missile defense system for Poland, Congo armed forces receive 9 Chinese CASC CH-4 Rainbow combat drones, Germany approves 5.22 billion euros in arms sales in H1 2023, First rendering of USAF 6th Gen NGAD fighter from Lockheed Martin, T-129 Atak & Turkish Attack Helicopter Programs, Govt mulls procuring advanced fighter jets, ADB examines ways to boost Bangladesh-India rail cargo link. It is clear as the daylight that Pakistan did not hand over any piece of Kashmir to China, rather gained some of the land in the Hunza region. This comfortably places Shaksgam, Raskam and Aghil valleys within Gilgit-Baltistan. By the end of 1959 US attempted to isolate China, Sino-Soviet rift was widening even Nehru-Chau Delhi talk of 1960 failed, these made the Chinese politically isolated. Pakistan recognized Chinese sovereignty over the Shaksgam tract, while China recognized Pakistani sovereignty over the Gilgit Agency. //Did Pakistan Cede the Territory of Shaksgam to China? In the bargain, China achieves durable strategic relations with Pakistan for its commercial and defence objectives. The more I stare at his name plate stuck neatly on to my notice board, the more angry I get for how easily you have forgotten him. Pakistani motivation in gifting the Shaksgam Valley to PRC was driven by short and medium-range objective because no doubt, the agreement did not solve the Kashmir problem but it entailed a legal recognition to Pakistan's de facto control of Pakistan occupied Kashmir. [8] For example, according to Pakistani diplomat Abdul Sattar, after the border alignment was already agreed, the Pakistan side realized that grazing lands falling on the Chinese side had historically been used by inhabitants of Hunza. China was accommodating to Pakistan's positions during the negotiations. Big game is in place around Siachen glacier to be played by the Chinese strategists. "I would like to remind him (Rahul Gandhi) that Pakistan had handed over the Shaksgam Valley illegally to China when Jawahar Lal Nehru was Prime Minister of India. It resulted in both countries ceding over 1,942 square kilometres (750sqmi)[clarification needed] to the other. The Shaksgam valley in the trans-Karakoram tract, part of PoK, was handed over on a platter by a supine Pakistan to China through an illegal border agreement on March 2, 1963. The Sunday Read: 'A Week With the Wild Children of the A.I. Yet, national and international boundaries are living organisms that change with the changing times. This will be keep our tricky neighbours more busy in managing this front, and also give India more time to strengthen its overall geo-political position. Towards its south is the Karakoram range and to the north is Kun Lun mountain range, and as such Shaksgam is surrounded by some of the highest mountains in the world. "Kashmir A Disputed Legacy 1846-1990" (2nd Impression). Speaking in the Parliament, former External Affairs Minister late Sushma . Pakistani motivation in gifting the Shaksgam Valley to PRC was driven by short and medium-range objective because no doubt, the agreement did not solve the Kashmir problem but it entailed a legal recognition to Pakistan's de facto control of Pakistan occupied Kashmir. People of Northern Areas in Pakistan are unlike other Pakistani Muslims. The Hotan-Golmud Highway links Xinjiang to Qinghai province and central China. In fact, Pakistan has strengthened grip over the area through its army. Q. The area known as 'Shaksgam valley' sometimes appears in news in the The mountains are named Skyang Kangri (wild donkey), Kyagar Kangri (grey and white) and Skamri (dry rock), while the valleys are Shaksgam (dried up heap of pebbles), Aghil Ldepsang (plain), Marpo Lungpa (red), Salungma (earthen), Khapulung (gateway valley), Kharkhor Lungma (castle surrounding) and Skam Lungpa (dry). Please direct any questions or comments to him at commentary@jurist.org, Jury selection began for Chicago "Black Sox" baseball trial. This collusion allowed China to claim the whole of Aksai Chin. valley, draw only border, territorial dispute. Northern Areas of Pakistan Occupied Kashmir (POK) is the Draupadi who is humiliated. Dispelling myths: Did Pakistan cede Kashmiri territory of Shaksgam You are using an out of date browser. Shaksgam Valley is an area of Baltistan, ceded by Pakistan to the People's Republic of China on 3 March in 1963 pending the settlement of the dispute over Kashmir. Chinese interest in Pakistan is no secret and by now everyone at the strategic stage understands the big game Asian giant is attempting to play. Islamabad is violating theUnited Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoplesby ignoring the legal standards of free, informed and prior consent of the natives to initiate resource extraction and trade and industrial build up. The bone of contention is the Shaksgam Valley or the Trans-Karakoram Tract which is an area of approximately 5,200 square kilometers north of the Karakoram watershed. The Court mainly relied on paragraph 6 of UNGA resolution 1514 which says that any disruption of the national unity and territorial integrity of a country is incompatible with the purposes and principles of the Charter. However the fact remains that local institutions have no right over decision making and implementing laws, and the Minister of Kashmir Affairs is an absolute authority, who governs Gilgit-Baltistan like a viceroy. However, right to self-determination, under customary international law, does not impose a specific mechanism for its implementation. The Tale of Shaksgam Valley: Is Pakistan giving away slices of Kashmir China-Occupied Kashmir | Current Affairs - IAS Parliament This road in the north will get connected to Western highway in Xinjiang province and in the West to CPEC. All Rights Reserved. Game is played by Pakistan to show down India at every possible international forum. fair use is a use permitted by copyright statues that might otherwise be infringing.Non profit educational or personal use tips the balanced in favor of FAIR USE. The majority of the geographical entities in both the Aghil and Shaksgam valleys possess Balti nomenclature demonstrating an ancient socio-economic and political interlinks of these valleys with Baltistan. Article 3 of the Constitution says that the State of Jammu and Kashmir is and shall be an integral part of the Union of India. Moreover, in several subsequent local, State, and national elections, the people of J&K have repeatedly exercised their democratic choice. [8] China's accommodating approach in the negotiations was motivated not just by the desire to resolve boundary issues; China also wanted to demonstrate its desire for calm borders, its peaceful intentions generally, and China wanted to use a successful conclusion to the boundary issues with Pakistan to portray its border issues with India as a result of India's intransigence. The agreement was not concluded with the free and genuine will of the people of J&K. The Sino-Pakistan Agreement [a] is a 1963 document between the governments of Pakistan and China establishing the border between those countries in the disputed Kashmir region. Beginning in the mid-1960s, China constructed the Karakoram Highway linking Kashghar in Xinjiang with Gilgit and Abbottabad through the Khunjerab Pass. Negotiations between the nations officially began on October 13, 1962, and resulted in an agreement being signed on 2 March 1963. India asserts that Pakistan concluded a boundary agreement with China in 1963 where Pakistan illegally ceded 5180 sq. The road will traverse along entire length of Pakistan meandering around River Jhelum and from north to south. By doing so, it enabled China to extrapolate a claim line eastwards along the Karakoram Range in Ladakh. The Shaksgam valley was handed over by British under Operation Datta Khel to Pakistan as part of the Gilgit Agency. On March 12, 1968, Mauritius became an independent State. In fact, the Trans-Karakoram Tract, that Delhi claims- has been 'gifted' by Islamabad to Beijing, was not under Pakistani control that they could have vacated it and given it to China. km of Indian Territory in PoK (known as Shaksgam Valley) to China. [3] It was signed by foreign ministers Chen Yi for the Chinese and Zulfikar Ali Bhutto for the Pakistani. Pakistan and the Peoples Republic of China concluded a boundary agreement in 1963 ceding a substantial territorial part of the state of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) to China. Despite this, sovereignty over area was never challenged by the Mir of Hunza, the British or the State of Jammu and Kashmir. The Shaksgam Valley or the Trans Karakoram Tract is part of Hunza-Gilgit region and is a disputed territory claimed by India but controlled by Pakistan. Presently, Track II diplomacy is at its best. Pakistan gave in to China's expansionist designs and spurious claims to a boundary along the Karakoram Range. The forgotten fact of China-Occupied Kashmir - Chrome IAS Au contraire Pakistan actually gained physical land from the Chinese in turn for giving up fantastical claims made by the British on territory that they never physically controlled. Gilgit-Baltistan cannot be merged with Pakistan until the resolution of Kashmir issue.. The underlying rationale of the Courts opinion is that the Lancaster House Meeting which led to the unlawful cession of Chagos Archipelago was negotiated and concluded without taking into account the free and genuine expression of the will of the Chagossians; thus it violates the customary norm of right to self-determination of the Chagossians. [citation needed], Article six states that pending the final settlement of the Kashmir dispute between India and Pakistan, a fresh treaty will be drawn up.[16]. Analysis of the situation raises more questions than solutions. ?????? Rahul Gandhi is raising questions and doubt over sacrifices and valour made by jawans in Galwan Valley while saving the honour of the country. On July 5, 1921, jury selection began in the trial of eight Chicago White Sox baseball players accused of throwing the 1919 World Series against the Cincinnati Reds. To make the situation worse, the Pakistani regime has placed a ten-year ban on local businesses involved in gem extraction and trade. Why Did Pakistan Ceded Shaksgam Valley To China | Indian Propaganda About Shaksgam Valley - YouTube Dosto Aaj Ki Is Video Mein Mein Aap Logo Ko Shaksgam Valley Ki History K. In this way, the 1963 Agreement was concluded in violation of norms of international law, as it amounted to disruption of national unity and territorial integrity of the J&K and its people. [15] Pakistan does not recognize the legitimacy of the ROC. Defence.pk is a one stop resource for Pakistan defence, strategic affairs, security issues, world defence and military affairs. To answer this question, the Court heavily relied on the UNGA resolutions 1514 of 1960, 2066 of 1966, 2232 of 1966, and 2357 of 1967, and concluded that, as a result of the Chagos Archipelagos unlawful detachment and its incorporation into a new colony, known as the British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT), the process of decolonization of Mauritius was not lawfully completed when Mauritius acceded to independence in 1968. Pakistan on the other hand, made no such claim. Pakistan and China recognized in their agreement that the border had been neither delimited nor demarcated, providing support to the Chinese position. It is the strategic military headquarter of west China, the national petrochemical base, and home to rich oil wells and minerals. JavaScript is disabled. Similar reports also appeared last year when they tried to smuggle uranium, gold and copper from Gilgit-Baltistan. Why did Pakistan give part of Kashmir to China? The forgotten fact of China-Occupied Kashmir - The Hindu km of Indian Territory in the state of J&K. Updated: Feb 03, 2022 17:55 IST, New Delhi [India], February 3 (ANI): Pakistan illegally handed over Shaksgam valley to China when Jawahar Lal Nehru was the Prime Minister of India, said Defence Minister Rajnath Singh at a public meeting in Amroha on Thursday.The Union Minister also stated that the Karakoram Highway was constructed by China with the support of Pakistan when Indira Gandhi was the Prime Minister of India.Rajnath Singh further took a jibe at Congress leader Rahul Gandhi over his remark on China Pakistan closeness.Addressing a public meeting in Amroha, he said that Rahul Gandhi claimed that because of the wrong policies of the Central Government, Pakistan and China have come close. [CDATA[ Undue concessions to the international corporations and ban on the locals affect the economic well-being of tens of thousands of people. The Shaksgam Valley was ceded to China by Pakistan in 1963 when both countries signed a boundary agreement to settle their border differences. Are we waiting for a similar situation to arise in Pakistan Occupied Kashmir (POK) {Mandarin: -; Urdu: - } Well, yes! Bruce Riedel a former Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) analyst and counter terrorism expert in his book JFKs Forgotten Crisis has mention that John F Kennedy 35th President of United States had promised Ayub Khan that in the event of a Sino- Indian war US would supply arms to India only after consulting their Pakistani counterpart. The truth, and a careful look into the history, however, is a reflection onto Indias great defeats followed by cover-ups based on cock and bull stories. Pakistan "ceding" land in Shaksgam is sensationalist nonsense only believed by ultra-nationalist Indians. All was well until India published its own map in 1957 claiming the region of the said tract as per the discarded Johnson line. The Shaksgam Valley situated beyond the Karakorams, and also referred to as the Trans Karakoram Tract is one of the most inhospitable places on Earth and as of now its disputed Territory, claimed by India but illegally ceded to China by Pakistan. Pakistan has also ceded Shaksgam Valley to China, making it impossible to hold a plebiscite as it cannot be implemented in Azad Kashmir in its true spirit today. China's Interests in Shaksgam Valley - Indian Defence Review Birjees Tahir, the Federal Minister for Kashmir Affairs and Gilgit-Baltistan, stated that Gilgit-Baltistan is a disputed area and a province like structure has been created only to improve local governance and decision making power. Article 6 of the 1963 Agreement, however, says that the two Parties have agreed that after the settlement of the Kashmir dispute between Pakistan and India, the sovereign authority concerned will re-open negotiations with the Government of China so as to sign a Boundary Treaty to replace the present agreement. Even though the 1963 Agreement was conditional, it does not change the legality of the Agreement being concluded unlawfully. A Kargil War Hero Nobody Ever Wrote About, The Barahoti saga: Failure of 'Nehru doctrine' and deceitful nature of Dragon, What lies behind Chinas new role as peacemaker, G20 TWG Meet: Pakistans Envy, Indias Joy. Sino-Pakistan Agreement - Wikipedia Figure: Landscape of . 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This article was prepared for publication by, Why the 1963 Sino-Pakistan Boundary Agreement Is Unlawful in Light of the Recent ICJ Advisory Opinion on the Chagos Archipelago, 2019, Tim Zubizarreta | U. Pittsburgh School of Law, US. Trans-Karakoram Tract - Wikipedia Swarup said the proposed election in Gilgit and Baltistan under the so-called 'Gilgit. And Yogi Adityanath is best at maintaining law and order. However, Article 6 clearly stated that the two Parties have agreed that after the settlement of the Kashmir dispute between Pakistan and India, the sovereign authority concerned will reopen negotiations with the Government of the People's Republic of China, on the boundary as described in Article Two of the present Agreement, so as to sign a formal Boundary Treaty to replace the present agreement. Interestingly, the joint China-Pakistan survey of the "donated" areas was conducted in1987 only, 24 years after the territory was offered to China; it means that in 1963, Pakistan did not even .
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