The miswak is usually obtained from the roots of the Arak tree, although some sticks are also made from its twigs and stem.8,11 "Miswak" (which has synonyms in different Arabic dialects and countries, including "miswaak," "misswak,""miswaki," "meswak," "mswaki," "sewak," "siwak," and "siwaki") is an Arabic word. Salvadora persica or the toothbrush tree is a small evergreen tree native to the Middle east, Africa and India. Utilization of the desert plant miswak (Salvadora persica) is widespread in Saudi Arabia,26 and young people from Saudi Arabia are increasingly combining modern and traditional oral hygiene methods.11. The miswak is predominant in Muslim-inhabited areas. The prophet used the Miswak himself and therefore made it popular in the Muslim culture. In today's episode, Dr. B sheds some light on this twig, how it works, and what studies have shown about people who use it rather than toothpaste. Goyal M, Sasmal D, Nagori BP. Miswak - Wikipedia These results imply that using a miswak 5 times a day may offer a suitable alternative to toothbrushing for reducing plaque and gingivitis. Toothpaste containing Salvadora Persica miswak extract was found to be significantly more effective in removing dental plaque when compared with Oral-B toothpaste.12 Al-Lafi and Ababneh63 reported that using chewing sticks twice a day on a regular basis may reduce the incidence of gingivitis and possibly dental caries. The authors also suggested that Salvadora persica may offer a novel strategy to reduce the development of dental caries by inhibiting the initial adhesion and subsequent biofilm formation by cariogenic bacteria. Note that SMJ reviewers, whose reviews are returned on time and are judged satisfactory by the Editors, may receive 1 CME credit per review, with a maximum of 5 credit per year, from the Saudi Council for Health Specialties. The training provided and number of cleaning sessions per day were the same for 2 groups. [3] The teeth cleaning twig of the plant is reputed to have been used over 7,000 years ago. However, Al-Bayati and Sulaiman30 found that both aqueous and methanol extracts of Salvadora persica were active against an oral Candida albicans strain, with an MIC value of 6.25 mg/ml. How to Use Miswak - Islam Question & Answer 3 Ways to Use Miswak - wikiHow Sofrata A, Lingstrm P, Baljoon M, Gustafsson A. Darmani H, Al-Hiyasat AS, Elbetieha AM, Alkofahi A. The immediate antimicrobial effect of a toothbrush and Miswak on cariogenic bacteria: a clinical study. Johansson A, Fareed K, Omar R. Analysis of possible factors influencing the occurrence of occlusal tooth wear in a young Saudi population. The existing literature was searched electronically using PubMed, and Google Scholar between the years 1968 and July 2014. The effect of Miswak extract on plaque pH. Therefore, miswak extract can be used in mouth rinses and toothpastes because of its antibacterial effects. A teeth-cleaning twig (in India: datun [1]) is an oral hygiene tool made from a twig from a tree. National Library of Medicine The miswak ( miswaak, siwak) is a natural toothbrush made from the twigs of the Salvadora persica tree, also known as the arak tree or the peelu tree. However, for patients with moderate plaque deposits, the chewing stick is as efficacious as the toothbrush. [8] In 2011, Dabur announced that Bipasha Basu would be Meswak's brand ambassador.[9]. HOW TO USE: A TISWAAK (Miswak) should be one hand span in length when selected. Ramadan 2023: What is the proper way of doing miswak? All - News9Live The miswak, along with other forms of chewing sticks, is considered to be the first documented form of dental hygiene. Benefits of miswak - Medical Care Miswak and toothbrushes have different designs, but similar functions. Advantages & Benefits of Using Miswak - Listerine The edge is subsequently cut off and further chewed to expose a fresh end. Thus, the authors supported the use of miswak (Salvadora persica) as a preventive measure for controlling oral infections. Meswak (also referred to as Miswak) is a fluoride-free toothpaste brand that was launched in India by Balsara Hygiene in 1998. The authors found that a methanolic extract of Salvadora persica was effective in the growth inhibition of all strains tested, although it was significantly more effective on gram-positive bacteria (6.5-12 mm) than on Gram-negative bacteria (1-8 mm). In vitro antimicrobial effects of crude Miswak extracts on oral pathogens. By accessing this site, you agree to abide by our Legal Notice and our Privacy Policy. They also evaluated the effects of the miswak rinse on parotid gland secretion rate. And you can now enjoy Listerine with miswak extract in a daily use product, and make it part of your oral care routine in the simplest possible way. An in vivo study. Renal transplant patients (RTPs) who used a miswak (Salvadora persica) for oral hygiene were found to have a significantly lower prevalence of oral candidiasis compared with other RTPs.25 From their experiment, Alali et al42 found that the volatile oil from Jordanian Salvadora persica stems had significant inhibitory effects against Candida albicans (with zones of growth inhibition of 16 mm) and Trichosporon cutaneum (with zones of growth inhibition of 12 mm). Based on the results of their study, Baeshen and Birkhed57 recommended the use of fresh miswak impregnated in 0.1% sodium fluoride (NaF) or a maximum of 0.5% NaF for a day for the prevention of dental caries. Ramadan MF, Morsel JT. Relationship to gingival recession. [3] Yet another comparative study conducted on a sampling of 480 Saudi Arabian adults found that "the level of need for periodontal care in the sample chosen is low when compared with the findings of similar studies undertaken in other countries. Al-Otaibi M, Al-Harthy M, Gustafsson A, Johansson A, Claesson R, Angmar-Mnsson B. Subgingival plaque microbiota in Saudi Arabians after use of miswak chewing stick and toothbrush. Although it is likely safe to use, when the ingredient is found in commercial products, it . It is taken from the roots of the Arak tree especially in the Arabian Peninsula and some parts of Asia the tree is known as Peelu. Based on their research, Sofrata et al31 suggested that benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) is the main antibacterial component of Salvadora persica root chewing sticks with a high killing activity against the gram-negative periodontal pathogens Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis. [9], The use of the miswak is frequently advocated in the hadith (the traditions relating to the life of Muhammad). Miswak: A periodontist's perspective - PMC - National Center for Khalil AT. Another possible reason for its use is its contribution to ritual purity. Why do Muslims use miswak? | Noor Academy It was a wooden stick cut to 5 or 6 inches in length. Effect of aqueous extract of miswak on the in vitro growth of Candida albicans. Miswak is a tooth-cleaning twig or chewing stick made from the roots of the Arak tree, Salvadora persica. Furan derivatives, identified by Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis from miswak, could exhibit high antioxidant activity by scavenging 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals, (2,2-azino-bis [3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid] (ABTS) radicals and reducing molybdenum (VI) to molybdenum (V). Miswak or chewing stick comes from the tree known as Salvadora Persica. Medicinal Plants health benefits of miswak, what are health benefits of miswak? The best Miswak to use is the one that is made from the arak tree (Salvadora persica). al-Otaibi M. The miswak (chewing stick) and oral health. Miswak stick (Salvadora persica) is a twig that comes from the stems of the Salvadora Persica tree, also known as 'arak' in Arabic. Miswak Toothbrush: The Magic Stick For Your Teeth (Health Benefits & Uses) Salvadora persica is capable of surviving in extreme conditions and can tolerate very dry environments to highly saline soils.28 It is widespread in arid regions, on saline lands, in coastal regions, thorn shrubs, desert flood plains, and grassy savannahs.29 It is native to the Arabian Peninsula, Africa, Iraq, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. Meswak - Wikipedia Evaluation of antifungal activity of Salvadora persica Linn. Danielsen B, Baelum V, Manji F, Fejerskov O. Chewing sticks, toothpaste, and plaque removal. Agbor MA, Azodo CC. A manual search was also completed for relevant articles under this topic. The taxonomic classification of Salvadora persica. Royal Miswak is a unique luxury miswak made from the olive tree. It can help to prevent tooth decay and gum disease . Safe Weighing Range Ensures Accurate Results Essential Laboratory Skills Guide U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. [6] Chlorhexidine gluconate was also linked to serious allergic reactions, albeit rarely. Miswak contain chemical ingredients that may be beneficial to the maintenance of oral health. Know How to Get Rid of Bad Breath or Smelly Mouth? There was a statistically significant increase in the calcium and chloride content in saliva produced immediately after chewing the miswak, but decreases in the phosphate and pH content, compared with the controls. A symbol of our heritage, a tradition that has been passed down over generations, miswak is a symbol of the wisdom of our ancestors for a healthy mouth and fresh breath. Only recently has scientific evaluation of the miswak been undert For the second experiment, to assess the medium-term effect, volunteers were provided with either a miswak or a conventional toothbrush to brush 5 times a day for 2 weeks and saliva samples collected 4 hours after the last use of miswak or toothbrushing showed no significant differences in any of the components examined (calcium, magnesium, chloride, phosphate, IgA, IgG, lactate dehydrogenase, and aspartate transaminase). Hence, miswak use should be encouraged and promoted based on scientific knowledge of its numerous therapeutic effects on oral health, easy availability, popularity, and low cost. It is seldom more than one foot in diameter, reaching a maximum height of 3 meters. In vitro evaluation of Saudi Arabian toothbrush tree (Salvadora persica). Mohammad AR, Turner JE. The site www.listerine-me.com is published by JNTL Consumer Health Middle East FZ-LLC, with whom the responsibility for the content lies. By using disc diffusion and micro-well dilution assays, Al-Bayati and Sulaiman30 investigated antimicrobial activities of aqueous and methanol extracts of Salvadora persica. Situations where the miswak is recommended to be used include before or during wudu (ablution), on waking up in the morning, before going to the mosque, before entering one's house, before and after going on a journey, on Fridays,[10] before sleeping and after waking up, when experiencing hunger or thirst and before entering any good gathering. Ten percent water extraction of Salvadora persica is an effective antimicrobial agent when utilized clinically as an irrigant in the endodontic treatment of teeth with necrotic pulps.35 Based on their in vitro study, Elangovan et al36 revealed that aqueous extracts of neem (Azadirachta indica) showed the greatest antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans, while miswak (Salvadora persica) extracts showed superior antimicrobial activity against Lactobacillus acidophilus. Sofrata A, Santangelo EM, Azeem M, Borg-Karlson AK, Gustafsson A, Ptsep K. Benzyl isothiocyanate, a major component from the roots of Salvadora persica is highly active against Gram-negative bacteria. Al-Mohaya MA, Darwazeh A, Al-Khudair W. Oral fungal colonization and oral candidiasis in renal transplant patients: the relationship to Miswak use. Maggio A, Reddy MP, Joly RJ. Miswak is obtained from the twigs of the Arak tree, although it can also come from walnut and olive trees. It can be used effectively as a natural toothbrush for teeth cleaning. But also, the ones made from other trees are okay to use when you don't have the Miswak made of the arak tree. In today's episode, Dr. B sheds some light on this twig, how it works, and what studies have shown about people who use it rather than toothpaste. Meswak: the natural toothbrush. Both extracts had equal antifungal activity against Candida albicans based on the turbidity test (MIC: 6.25 mg/ml). Khalessi AM, Pack AR, Thomson WM, Tompkins GR. Halawany HS. Darmani et al55 found that the aqueous extracts of miswak and derum (Walnut tree; Juglans regia) were both able to significantly inhibit the growth of cariogenic bacteria. Al-Obaida MI, Al-Essa MA, Asiri AA, Al-Rahla AA. Screening for the antimicrobial activity of Salvadora persica extracts against Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans. Three hundred and thirty students continued the study until the end; in the case group, 174 students used miswak for one year, and in the control group, 156 students used toothbrush for one year. Meswak (also referred to as Miswak) is a fluoride-free toothpaste brand that was launched in India by Balsara Hygiene in 1998. The first early devices include the tooth stick, referred to as the toothpick, and the wood mop, twig brush, miswak, or siwak.22 Toothpicks have been traced as far back as prehistoric times. Several studies have shown that miswak (Salvadora persica) has significant antimicrobial activity against both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. [4], Studies indicate that Salvadora persica extract exhibits low antimicrobial activity compared to other oral disinfectants and anti-plaque agents like triclosan and chlorhexidine gluconate. The effect of fluoridated chewing sticks (Miswaks) on white spot lesions in postorthodontic patients was studied by Baeshen et al.58 The authors concluded that the frequent use of a fluoridated miswak had a remineralizing effect on white spot lesions. Miswak is a tooth-cleaning twig or chewing stick made from the roots of the Arak tree, Salvadora persica. The immediate term effect of chewing commercially available Meswak (Salvadora persica) on levels of Calcium, Chloride, Phosphate and Thiocyanate in whole saliva. Al-Bagieh et al44 investigated the antimycotic effect of the aqueous extract of the miswak plant roots. The results of this double-blind, cross-over clinical trial indicate that use of Persica mouthwash improves the gingival health and lower the salivary carriage of cariogenic bacteria. Paliwal S, Chauhan R, Siddiqui AA, Paliwal S, Sharma J. Research shows that regular use of miswak significantly reduces plaque, gingivitis and growth of cariogenic bacteria. One end was macerated to separate the fibers to about one quarter of an inch. From the results of their study, the authors concluded that plaque score and gingival health improve significantly when miswak and toothbrush was used together. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1987. p. 61. JNTL Consumer Health Middle East FZ-LLC 2023. A variety of natural bioactive components have been identified in Salvadora persica extracts by researchers. Strong evidence from the available descriptive and experimental studies support the view that Salvadora persica (Miswak) can be a potent oral hygiene tool, not only due to its excellent mechanical plague-removing efficiency, but for its broad range of biological properties. Alali F, Al-Lafi T. GC-MS analysis and bioactivity testing of the volatile oil from the leaves of the toothbrush tree Salvadora persica L. Ndungu FL, Kaimenyi JT, Arneberg P, Muthami LN. All Rights Reserved, Privacy Policy / Terms & Conditions / Advertising Policy / Medical Disclaimer. Bioactive components of miswak (Salvadora persica) and their effects on oral health. Khafagi I, Zakaria A, Dewedar A, El-Zahdany K. A voyage in the world of plants as mentioned in the Holy Quran. From the Department of Preventive Dental Sciences (Haque), College of Dentistry, and the Department of Surgery (Alsareii), College of Medicine, Najran University, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Such sticks are effective, inexpensive, and easily available. Al-Sohaibani S, Murugan K. Anti-biofilm activity of Salvadora persica on cariogenic isolates of Streptococcus mutans: in vitro and molecular docking studies. Typical chewing sticks (Miswak) prepared from Salvadora persica of different diameters. The Importance of the Miswak - My Religion Islam The antioxidant activity of the bark, leaves, and the seed cake phenolic extracts of Salvadora persica using the -carotene-linoleic acid assay were investigated by Mariod et al.73 They found 2 dominant tocopherols (-tocopherol, and -tocopherol) in the seed oil of Salvadora persica.
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