Fonseca, E. F., Baptista Neto, J. 5l). Atmospheric deposition of pollutants emitted outside the bay area may further contribute to the total load of PTEs7. One distinguishing characteristic of the white mangrove is the presence of two glands on the petiole just below the leaf base, where excess salt is excreted. We declare that all work performed in compiling this article was done by the authors. Biol. Since early settlement, the most common uses of white mangrove were as a fuel source and for tanning leather. Corder, G. W. & Dale, I. F. Nonparametric Statistics for Non-Statisticians: A Step-by-Step Approach (John Wiley & Sons, 2011). To use the website as intended please BMC Plant Biol. MATH From: Coastal Plant Communities of Latin America, 1992 View all Topics Add to Mendeley About this page Estuarine Primary Producers: Laguna de Terminosa Study Case J.L. ISSN 2045-2322 (online). Laguncularia racemosa (PROTA) - PlantUse English Leaves are simple, opposite, and between 1 and 3 inches long. Photomicrographs of leaf sections were made using light microscopy (Leica) fitted with a digital camera. About this item Grown, packaged and shipped exclusively by Florida Foliage. 5g). To determine whether androdioecy is widespread in L. racemosa, 19 planted populations were surveyed along the . In our study, the number of salt glands varied (23 glands/mm2), different from what was observed by Silva et al.46, who found less than 1 gland/mm2, and by Lima et al.45, who cited 2.7 (adaxial surface) and 4.2 (abaxial surface) glands/ mm2 to plants growing in the southern region of Brazil. Intern. Biotic and abiotic stresses are involved in the regulation of plant cuticle biosynthesis30. 3g,h and 4e). White Mangrove or White Buttonwood (Laguncularia racemosa) is native to the tidal marshes/swamps, lagoons, islets, brackish estuaries, mangrove swamps, barrier islands, and brackish, salty shorelines from zone 9a of coastal central Florida south through the rest of the state, the Keys, through zone 11 and south into the Caribbean. Characterization of Laguncularia racemosa transcriptome and - PubMed White Mangrove Seedling | Laguncularia Racemosa | 30 Large Live Plants | Saltwater Aquarium Reef Filtration Aquatic Foliage | Shoreline Restoration Brand: Florida Foliage 5.0 2 ratings Currently unavailable. Note this is the default cart. Genus Lagunculariastems from the Latin word laguncul, which means "a little flask," and refers to the shape of the white mangrove's fruit. Pollut. Envis For. The high concentration of Na>Cl>K>Ca>K in leaves of L. racemosa collected in Marambaia (M), Coroa Grande (CG) and Pedra de Guaratiba (PG) is common in saline ecosystems that have input of seawater. Prez-Sirvent, C., Martnez-Snchez, M. J., Martnez-Lpez, S. & Hernndez-Crdoba, M. Antimony distribution in soils and plants near an abandoned mining site. Amazon.com: White Mangrove Seedling | Laguncularia Racemosa | 30 Large Plant Physiol. Agric 16, 16591668. However, leaves from M presented lower specific leaf area (SLA=30.8) than that from either CG (SLA=50.1) or PG (SLA=47.9) (Fig. 10, 229241 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-31986-x, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-31986-x. Weie Mangrove - Wikipedia PubMed Central Launch Interactive Map. Environ. These triterpenes also increase the permeability that helps plants eliminate salts36. (A) Rio de Janeiro City. In leaves from Coroa Grande (CG), the epicuticular wax consisted of granules over common epidermal cells, but a rod pattern near stomata (Fig. CAS To obtain Variation in the number of glands/LA may be related to the levels of salinity found in each collection site, especially from the proximity of large rivers, and, consequently, deserves to be better investigated when considering the ability to remove salts by the foliar glands. Moreover, PTEs constitute one of the main abiotic agents related to growth reduction and alteration in physiological processes23. Microchem. In L. racemosa herein evaluated, we observed mesophyll similar to that found in leaves collected in northern or southern Brazil45, places not affected by industrial pollution, suggesting that the leaves of this species did not present significant alterations in the organization of the mesophyll, irrespective of collection site. PTEs also reach Sepetiba Bay through the atmosphere. It is a mangrove tree, growing to 1218m (3959ft) tall. Thank you for visiting nature.com. Taxonomy browser (Laguncularia racemosa) - National Center for 84, 11591166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2012.08.005 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-3119(16)61590-3 (2017). Google Scholar. J. To an Erlenmeyer flask were transferred 0.2g of dried leaves to which 10mL of HNO3 were added under an exhaust hood. The salts, mucilage and other substances excreted by this secretory structure first accumulate in the cavity and thereafter are most likely released to the external environment through the epidermal pore (Figs. Sci. : supervision, analysis, and interpretation of the data, drafting, final approval. Google Scholar. Water Air Soil Pollut. experiments, acquisition, analysis and interpretation of the data, drafting; R.C.O.A. Google Scholar. The n-alkanes hentriacontane and 8-octadecanone were identified in leaves from CG, while tetratetracontane was only found in leaf samples from PG. If you provide us with your name, email address and the payment of a modest $25 annual membership fee, you will become a full member, enabling you to design and save up to 25 of your garden design ideas. LA ranged from 2192.90 mm2 in PG to 4481.00 mm2 in CG. In cross section, the epicuticular wax and cuticular layer are not easily distinguished under light microscopy (Fig. Arrivabene, H. P. et al. [1] Caractersticas. 5o). Phytoremediation: A promising approach for revegetation of heavy metal-polluted land. Res. Changes in permeability can then result in high water losses through the cuticle44. Mangroves are also exposed to pollution of particulate material through the atmosphere owing to their coastal distribution and proximity to urban centers. Additional synonyms and illegitimate names . This native evergreen tree grows in the coastal areas of south Florida, the Caribbean, and Central America. https://doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v66i2.33397 (2018). Correspondence to (H) Main vascular bundle evidencing phenolic idioblasts and mucilage (black arrowheads). To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The L. racemosa epicuticular wax studied revealed a high concentration of pentacyclic triterpenes, as well as n-alkanes, such as hentriacontane, in CG mangrove. Pesqui. Wood variation in Laguncularia racemosa and its effect on - Springer Laguncularia racemosa Taxonomy ID: 190524 (for references in articles please use NCBI:txid190524) current name. Apart from adaptability, plants that are good options for environmentally sustainable phytoremediation must remain healthy when subjected to environmental contaminants11. Scientific Reports (Sci Rep) Following this, samples were transferred to an oven to dry at 60C for 60min. (B) Mangroves around Sepetiba Bay where Laguncularia racemosa leaves were collected (*). Vigas, R. N. Desigualdade ambiental e zonas de sacrifcio. 5, 110. Laguncularia racemosa leaves indicate the presence of potentially toxic elements in mangroves. Environ. Phenolic compounds and idioblasts with druse crystals of calcium oxalate are typically associated with vascular tissue. Native to the coasts of western Africa from Senegal to Cameroon, the Atlantic Coast of the Americas from Bermuda and Florida to the Bahamas, Mexico, the Caribbean, and south to Brazil; and on the Pacific Coast of the Americas from Mexico to northwestern Peru, including the Galpagos Islands. Sci. The tops and undersides of the leaves are light green with a thick, leathery, and smooth exterior. Therefore, this work aimed to detect PTEs by evaluating the leaves of L. racemosa collected from mangroves under anthropic disturbance. Dry leaf weight of L. racemosa from CG (0.740.21g) and PG (0.540.09g) was found to be statistically similar (Padj=0.23), but lighter than that from M (1.160.54g) (Padj<0.05) (Fig. 29, 11041112. Google Scholar. The white, bell-shaped flowers are mostly bisexual and about 5mm (0.20in) long. Triterpenoid compounds were identified by comparing the corresponding mass spectra with library data (Spectrum Libraries: NIST05.LIB) complemented with proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectrometry (Bruker DRX 400MHz), using deuterated chloroform as solvent. Scientific Reports Syst. Victrio, C. P., dos Santos, M. S. & Simas, N. K. Phthalates: environmental pollutants detected in leaf epicuticular wax of Avicennia schaueriana and Rhizophora mangle from a mangrove ecosystem. The occurrence of phenolic compounds, including flavonoids and derived phenolic acids, in the epidermal cells and in the palisade parenchyma close to the adaxial and abaxial surfaces may be related to photoprotection of the underlying tissues. Bull. 2010). Pollut. Google Scholar. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2010.05.009 (2011). The authors declare no competing interests. Pores of the cavity where salt secretory glands are located were seen on both surfaces (Figs. and JavaScript. Uptake and translocation of organic pollutants in plants: A review. Salt-secreting glands are located in epidermal cavities that invade the mesophyll (Fig. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.02.024 (2013). J. That is, if salt increases in the substrate, then, based on the above assertion, salt secretion will be higher in leaves49. Article Ribeiro, A. P. et al. : collected plant material, identification of plants, drafting; N.K.S. Pimentel Victrio, C., Silva dos Santos, M., Cordeiro Dias, A. et al. Tafolla-Arellano, J. C., Bez-Saudo, R. & Tiznado-Hernndez, M. E. The cuticle as a key factor in the quality of horticultural crops. The sacrifice zone includes sites of several metallurgical, petrochemical, and pyrometallurgical smelters, as well as chemical, textile, beverage, and paper industries, all damaging such coastal ecosystems as mangroves3,4,5. However, we did not observe any qualitative differences in the vascular system of leaf samples from the three collection sites. 3c,d). Under the same moon, Katja Schulz, Flickr. Understanding how it tolerates shade and salinity stresses is crucial as these factors can affect its invasive potential. Cuticular waxes are secreted by cells of the epidermis and deposited on all aerial plant organs, protecting them from environmental stresses33 and reducing excessive leaf water loss (residual transpiration)34. Previous studies reported improper disposal of solid wastes containing Zn and Cd, which come from an industrial site on Madeira Island, one of the main sources of PTEs flowing into Sepetiba Bay7. Mountain View, CA: Mayfield Publishing Company. Histochemical analyses revealed the presence of Zn associated with calcium oxalate crystals (druses) in the parenchymatic tissue of the leaves. Because of the lower values from some minerals, it is possible that they do not originate from industrial sources, but, instead, are the result of biogeochemical cycling. The abaxial epidermal cells were also longer from PG (14.50.47m) than those from CG (11.50.73m) and M leaves (11.51.10m) (Padj<0.05; Fig. To accomplish this, the quantity of PTEs was determined in leaves of L. racemosa growing in mangrove sitesCoroa Grande (CG), Pedra de Guaratiba (PG) and Marambaia (M, control area) around Sepetiba Bay, Rio de Janeiro. J. Integr. For scanning electron microscopy observations (SEM), segments of dry leaves were analyzed with a JEOL-JSM 6390 LV scanning electron microscopy (JEOL, Tokyo, Japan). Environ. & Scheibe, S. (2022) Package multcomp: Simultaneous inference in general parametric models. 2004. To gain further insight toward an accurate diagnosis of the effects of anthropogenic pollution on mangrove stands, we evaluated leaf epicuticular wax composition, as well as morphological and anatomical traits. Species Links Biota of North America Program (BONAP) EDD MapS Flora of North America iNaturalist NatureServe Explorer Plants of the World Tropicos (MO herbarium) Behavior of metallurgical zinc contamination in coastal environments: A survey of Zn from electroplating wastes and partitioning in sediments. Vietnam. Exceptionally salt tolerant, it can be used as a hedge in coastal sites, as a windbreak or to stabilize shorelines. Leaves, which sequester and store carbon and then release carbon dioxide in the mangrove ecosystem, are the main contributors of litter, comprising, in turn, the food resource of insects and arboreal crabs2. When compared to chemical fingerprinting of reference plants, L. racemosa leaves contain a lower concentration of PTEs. This result may be directly related to the saline conditions in which the species lives, suggesting that the leaves could contribute to the water support capacity. Earth Sci. Article Sci. Different letters indicate significant difference by Tukeys HSD test (Padj<0.05). Leaf micromorphology of Laguncularia racemosa from three mangrove sites in Rio de Janeiro State (Brazil), showing different epicuticular wax deposition, stomata and pore of salt secretory structure located in a cavity by electronic microscopy. Laguncularia racemosa Family: Combretaceae Natural History The white mangrove is one of four mangrove species in the mangrove community. 5h). 139165 (Academic Press, 1982). Laguncularia racemosa - Species Page - ISB: Atlas of Florida Plants The tolerance to chilling stress allows L. racemosa to adapt to extreme climate change. Nonetheless, the amount of Na is three times greater in leaves of M compared to leaves examined from CG and PG mangroves. Saenger, P. & McConchie, D. Heavy metals in mangroves: Methodology, monitoring and management. The hydrocarbons hentriacontane and octadecanone are present in leaves of Rhizophora mangle from Africa37, and hentriacontane is present in leaves of A. shaueriana3, another tree found in mangroves. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Laguncularia racemosa es una especie de rbol que tiene crecimiento relativamente rpido, siempre-verde, y presenta tallos mltiples. Michael G. Andreu, Melissa H. Friedman, Mary McKenzie, and Heather V. Quintana, School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences, UF/IFAS Electronic Data Information System, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences. In the region of the main vein, the parenchyma cells were observed to be isodiametric and separated by intercellular spaces filled with mucilage (Fig. 22, 177187. J. Appl. Historically, the high tannin content in the bark of white mangrove was used as a tonic to treat fevers, skin wounds, ulcers, dysentery, and scurvy, and to prevent tumors. Vascular bundles were observed to be the collateral type with fibers in the most developed units forming a cap protecting the phloem (Fig. (I) Cross section taken from a plant growing in M and exposed to Zincon. 4a,b). 5g) (Padj<0.0001; see Supplementary Fig. & Sofiatti, P. Sclerophylly in mangrove tree species from South Brazil. Economic plants of Porto Rico (1903) (20967907488).jpg. Nelson, G. 1994. In leaves from Pedra de Guaratiba (PG), the wax layer consisted of crusts and plates throughout the surface, including stomatal cells (Fig. Sci Rep 13, 4845 (2023). Laguncularia racemosa (a white mangrove) is an exotic mangrove species commonly distributed in southern intertidal zones in China since it was introduced for reforestation purposes in 1999. [1] (E) Leaf from Pedra de Guaratiba (PG): adaxial secretory cavity (cv) with pore (black arrowheads). J. Environ. Landscaping. Still, SLA can be an important indicator of the impact of pollution in the environment and, thus, can play an important role in the protection and adaptation of plants24. Google Scholar, Hothorn, T., Bretz, F., Westfall, P., Heiberger, R. M., Schuetzenmeister, A. Also, Zn is probably associated with waste from the metallurgical plants in CG. This is the first study to report on the epicuticular wax of L. racemosa from mangroves of the southeastern Atlantic coast. Differential bioaccumulation and translocation patterns in three mangrove plants experimentally exposed to iron. The tolerance to chilling stress allows L. racemosa to adapt to extreme climate change. Identification of n-alkanes was based on injection of commercial standards (alkane standard solution C21-C40-Sigma Fluka). This study showed variability in wax layer micromorphology among leaves from each mangrove investigated, including the morphological patterns mentioned for plants with the presence of terpenoids in the wax composition. Acta Microsc. Frontiers | The linkages between stomatal physiological traits and The species name, racemosa, comes from the Latin root racemus, or "a cluster" in reference to the growth pattern of the fruits. S1 online). CAS Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The amount (mg/kg) of main elements responsible for variance in component 1, consisting of Ba, Na, Ca, Mn, Ni, Pb, Cd, as well as component 2, consisting of B, Cd, Ni, Pb, Ca, Zn and Cu, did not differ significantly among leaf samples collected in CG, M and PG (Padj>0.05; see Supplementary Fig. An increase in phenolic substances, as an antioxidant response, has already been reported in plant organs from environments contaminated with PTEs55. 4df). Samples were analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) 2100 using a PerkinElmer Optima 7300V ICP/OES apparatus. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2019.04.006 (2019). 5a) compared to that in PG (6.190.88m) and CG (6.451.12m) (Padj<0.001) (Fig. Biodivers. However, the invasiveness of this exotic species and its cold adaptability have rarely been reported. Location in Taxonomic Tree . Atmos. Descripcin. It is well known that mangrove plants can absorb, accumulate, degrade/transform and volatilize PTEs through green remediation. Different letters indicate significant difference by Tukeys HSD test (Padj<0.05). 5b). Only plants will be removed from the collection. Brazilian mangroves have been severely impacted by metallurgical, petrochemical, pyrometallurgical smelters and other industrial activities. Google Scholar. Laguncularia racemosa - Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre Practical guide to principal component methods in R: PCA, M (CA), FAMD, MFA, HCPC, factoextra (vol. Sarasota, FL: Pineapple Press. Antioxidant responses of phenolic compounds and immobilization of copper in Imperata cylindrica, a plant with potential use for bioremediation of Cu contaminated environments. https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/multcomp/multcomp.pdf. All methods were performed in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. Google Scholar. The anatomical features correspond to the physiology of plants growing in saline environments under intense luminosity, as indicated by isolateral structure which, to date, has not be described for L. racemosa. The content of Cd, Zn, As, Al, Cr, Cu, Pb and Se was similar in leaf samples from all three sites. Idioblasts with calcium oxalate crystals (druses) were observed in cells of spongy parenchyma and were found to be visually more abundant in PG leaves. The absence of toxin diffusion through L. racemosa leaf tissue along Sepetiba Bay suggests, as noted above, that this species is resilient to the levels of pollution in that area. Trees were sampled in six sites along . Vidal, C. et al. The amount of wax was expressed per unit LA (g/mm2). long (7 cm), are oval, thick and leathery. Chapter The final results of this assessment will determine if L. racemosa has potential as a bioindicator for mangroves polluted by PTEs and, as such, play a role in green remediation and protection of these ecosystems. Hortic. If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate. Industrial centers are found in Itagua and Santa Cruz. 2). It is predominantly dioecious, but bisexual . Severoglu, Z. et al. The two main components identified by PCA explain, respectively, 27.4% and 21.3% of the variance in the number of chemical elements in L. racemosa leaves collected in the three areas. This study did not verify any changes in the patterns of salt gland distribution for L. racemosa. Total. Zn was detected in sclerenchyma tissues. At a 95% confidence level, the samples do not form distinct clusters for each mangrove area in a two-dimensional plane. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. It grows in coastal areas of bays, lagoons, and tidal creeks, typically growing inland of other mangroves, well above the high tide line. Laguncularia racemosa wchst als Mangrovenbaum in Kstengebieten der Tropen und Subtropen Westafrikas, Nord-und Sdamerikas. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-204X2006000600004 (2006). Plants (Basel) 9(10), 1397. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9101397 (2020). 11, 359. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.00359 (2020). Laguncularia racemosa flowers early in the rainy season (June-July) and sheds fruit between August and October. Coast. (A) Fresh and (B) dry weight (g), (C) leaf area (LA, mm2) and (D) specific leaf area (SLA) of Laguncularia racemosa collected in mangroves of Marambaia (M), Coroa Grande (CG) and Pedra de Guaratiba (PG). & Silva, C. G. Heavy metal accumulation in mangrove sediments surrounding a large waste reservoir of a local metallurgical plant, Sepetiba Bay, SE, Brazil. CAS Natasha, S. M., Khalid, S., Dumat, C., Pierart, A. To gain further insight toward an accurate diagnosis of the effects of anthropogenic pollution on mangrove stands, we evaluated leaf epicuticular wax composition, as well as morphological and anatomical traits. Laguncularia racemosa (L.) C.F.Gaertn., 1807. basionym: Conocarpus racemosus L., 1759 in [Linnaeus C (1759)] NCBI BLAST name: eudicots Rank: species Genetic code: Translation table 1 (Standard) Google Scholar. The exotic mangrove species Laguncularia racemosa (Combretaceae) is fast-growing and was used for forestation in recent years along the southeast coast of China. Accept Laguncularia racemosa leaves indicate the presence of - Nature Identification Numbers. When leaves fall in the mangrove substrate, a low amount of PTEs present in the leaf litter is returned to the soil by decomposition and mineralization processes, becoming bioavailable in the environment in a way that culminates in biomagnification processes along the food chain. 2c). Oblong fruit pods are green to brownish and about inches in length. In addition, industrial activities have production rates that can alternately reduce and increase pollution20,21.
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